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A form of democracy where people elect representatives to make decisions; also known as a republic.

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representative democracy

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System of government dividing power between central and local governments.

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federal government

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A government system where one person, like a king or queen, holds power, often inherited or divinely sanctioned.

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monarchy

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Division of power among government branches.

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Separation of powers

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Action required by all citizens of a country.

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civic duty

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Citizenship granted to anyone born in a country's territory, regardless of parental citizenship. Also known as jus soli ("right of the soil").

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birthright citizenship

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A person born in another country who has become a citizen of a different country.

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naturalized citizen

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Status of holding citizenship in two countries.

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dual citizenship

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Action not required but should be practiced by citizens.

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civic responsibility

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Process where minority cultures adopt the majority culture.

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assimilation