Reconstructing Race Cadena

What is the main difference between North American and Latin American intellectuals regarding race?

• Latin American intellectuals view miscegenation positively

• North American thinkers embrace miscegenation

• Both see miscegenation as beneficial

• Latin American thinkers ignore race

What role does education play in racial construction?

• It is only for the elite

• It has no impact on race

• It can transform one's race

• It reinforces racial stereotypes

How is race defined in a culturalist perspective?

• By economic factors

• 
  By nature, climate, culture, history, and heredity

• By social status

• by genetics alone

What does indigenismo advocate for?

• The eradication of indigenous culture

• The promotion of mestizo identity

• The assimilation of all races

• The rights of indigenous populations/race is defined by culture

What is the relationship between class and race?

• 
  

  Race has no impact on social class

• Skin color is linked to morality and intelligence

• They are completely unrelated

• Class determines race

How are mestizos viewed morally?

• They are viewed as leaders

• They are seen as virtuous

• 
  They are respected in society

• They are considered corrupted and immoral

What was the state approach to mestizaje in Peru?

• It was part of an official nationalist project

• It rejected mestizaje entirely

• It emphasized unity in diversity

• It promoted assimilation

What strategy can Indians use to gain civil rights?

• Rejecting education

• 
  Focusing on education and literacy

• none

How do indigenous cusqueños (from Cuzco) view mestizo identity?

• as a cultural loss

• as irrelevant

• as a sign of failure

• as a form of empowerment

What is the common notion regarding mestizaje in other Latin American countries?

• It is celebrated as a cultural achievement

• It is part of an official nationalist project

• 
  It is ignored in favor of diversity

• 
  It is viewed as a threat to indigenous identity