Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution

Who is known for paintings such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper?

• Michelangelo

• Leonardo da Vinci

• Niccolò Machiavelli

• Petrarch

How did Martin Luther's 95 Theses challenge the authority of the Catholic Church?

• By supporting the sale of indulgences

• By rejecting papal authority

• By promoting Catholic doctrines

• By ignoring religious practices

Who broke with the Catholic Church to establish the Church of England?

• Martin Luther

• John Calvin

• Henry VIII

• Pope Leo X

What did Martin Luther emphasize in his teachings?

• A) Papal authority

• B) Salvation through faith alone

• C) Predestination

• D) Political power

What did the Peace of Augsburg (1555) allow?

• The Catholic Church to reform its practices

• German princes to choose their religion

• The Jesuits to become instrumental in education

• Martin Luther to be excommunicated

Who founded the Jesuits?

• Martin Luther

• Ignatius of Loyola

• German princes

• The Council of Trent

What was one effect of the Renaissance and Reformation on politics?

• Strengthening of the Catholic Church's authority

• Rise of secular (not bound by religion) rulers

• Establishment of the Jesuits

• Reaffirmation of Catholic doctrines

What was the result of Martin Luther's refusal to recant his beliefs?

• He was excommunicated

• He founded the Jesuits

• He led the Council of Trent

• He became a secular ruler

How did the Reformation affect the Catholic Church's authority?

• It strengthened the authority

• It weakened the authority

• It had no effect

• It led to the establishment of the Jesuits

What was one of the wars of religion during the Reformation?

• Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648)

• Hundred Years’ War

• War of the Roses

• Napoleonic Wars