First and Second Amendment Landmark Cases

Speech that poses a "clear and present danger" to public safety is not protected by the First Amendment.

• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeyer

• Tinker v. Des Moines

• Texas v. Johnson

• Schenck v. U.S.

Corporations and labor unions have a free speech right to contribute money to political campaigns.

• Citizens United v. FEC

• Tinker v. Des Moines

• Texas v. Johnson

• Schenck v. U.S.

Burning the American Flag is protected speech.

• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeyer

• Tinker v. Des Moines

• Texas v. Johnson

• Schenck v. U.S.

Ruled that school-led prayer violates the Establishment Clause.

• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeyer

• Tinker v. Des Moines

• Texas v. Johnson

• Engel v. Vitale

Students in public schools have some free speech rights.

• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeyer

• Tinker v. Des Moines

• Engel v. Vitale

• McDonald v. Chicago

Incorporated Second Amendment rights.

• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeyer

• Tinker v. Des Moines

• D.C. v. Heller

• McDonald v. Chicago

Recognized the the right to keep and bear arms is an individual right.

• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeyer

• Tinker v. Des Moines

• D.C. v. Heller

• McDonald v. Chicago

Rejected prior-restraint suit against publication of the Pentagon Papers

• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeyer

• Tinker v. Des Moines

• New York Times v. U.S.

• McDonald v. Chicago

The 1st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects freedom of ​ (a)   , meaning citizens are able to express themselves as they choose. Freedom of ​ (b)   means that a person can worship however they like [or not at all]. This amendment also protects freedom of (c)   to ensure that citizens are well-informed about the city, state, nation, and world we live in.

• speech
• religion
• the press
• assembly
• petition

Makes the Bill of Rights binding upon the states.

• Incorporation

• Checks and Balances

• Separation of Powers

• Judicial Review