Topic 1: Foundation of Biopsychology

How can the environment affect behavior and gene expression?

What methods are commonly used to study genetic influences on personality and behavior?

• Brain imaging studies and case studies

• Longitudinal studies and observational studies

• Twin studies and adoption studies

• Cross-sectional studies and experimental designs

Which of the following statements is true?

• Genes are responsible for building and maintaining human structure, while DNA gives you physical characteristics that make you unique.

• DNA carries genetic instructions used in growth and development, while genes are segments of DNA that determine your physical characteristics.
  

• Genes and DNA are the same, both responsible for carrying genetic instructions and giving you physical characteristics.

• DNA is a segment of genes, responsible for growth and development of living organisms.

Reciprocal altruism is when individuals help others with the expectation that the favor will be _ in the future. For example, Ali helps his friend move to a new house even though he is tired, with the hope that his friend will help him in the future if he ever needs assistance.

(a)  

How do genes influence our personality?

• By determining only our physical appearance
  
  
  

• By shaping traits such as temperament, intelligence, and behaviors

• By affecting our social interactions but not intelligence

• By having no impact on behavior and personality

Can therapy help children with cerebral palsy who have spinal cord damage?

• 1. Therapy and other interventions can help manage the symptoms and improve overall function.

• 1. Therapy only helps improve cognitive functions, not movement.

• 1. Therapy has limited effects on improving muscle strength and movement.

How are genes inherited from parents?

• 1. Genes are inherited randomly from any ancestor in the family tree.

• 1. Genes are inherited only from the dominant parent's side

• 1. Genes are inherited only from the mother, with no contribution from the father.

• 1. .

  2. Genes are inherited in pairs, one from the mother and one from the father.

Briefly explain how our understanding of genetics has influenced societal changes. Provide at least one example.

Label the main parts of a neuron.

Include the following components:

cell body (soma) - blue label

dendrites - green label

axon - red label

axon terminals - black label

Which of the following statements about the functions of the brain and spinal cord in the central nervous system (CNS) are true? (Select all that apply)

• 1. The brain is responsible for processing sensory information and regulating bodily functions.

• 1. The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

• 1. The spinal cord coordinates reflexes and responses.