Topic 1: Foundation of Biopsychology

How can the environment affect behavior and gene expression?

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What methods are commonly used to study genetic influences on personality and behavior?

• Brain imaging studies and case studies

• Longitudinal studies and observational studies

• Twin studies and adoption studies

• Cross-sectional studies and experimental designs

Which of the following statements is true?

• Genes are responsible for building and maintaining human structure, while DNA gives you physical characteristics that make you unique.

• DNA carries genetic instructions used in growth and development, while genes are segments of DNA that determine your physical characteristics.
  

• Genes and DNA are the same, both responsible for carrying genetic instructions and giving you physical characteristics.

• DNA is a segment of genes, responsible for growth and development of living organisms.

Reciprocal altruism is when individuals help others with the expectation that the favor will be _ in the future. For example, Ali helps his friend move to a new house even though he is tired, with the hope that his friend will help him in the future if he ever needs assistance.

How do genes influence our personality?

• By determining only our physical appearance
  
  
  

• By shaping traits such as temperament, intelligence, and behaviors

• By affecting our social interactions but not intelligence

• By having no impact on behavior and personality

Can therapy help children with cerebral palsy who have spinal cord damage?

• 1. Therapy and other interventions can help manage the symptoms and improve overall function.

• 1. Therapy only helps improve cognitive functions, not movement.

• 1. Therapy has limited effects on improving muscle strength and movement.

How are genes inherited from parents?

• 1. Genes are inherited randomly from any ancestor in the family tree.

• 1. Genes are inherited only from the dominant parent's side

• 1. Genes are inherited only from the mother, with no contribution from the father.

• 1. .

  2. Genes are inherited in pairs, one from the mother and one from the father.

Briefly explain how our understanding of genetics has influenced societal changes. Provide at least one example.

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Label the main parts of a neuron.

Include the following components:

cell body (soma) - blue label

dendrites - green label

axon - red label

axon terminals - black label

Which of the following statements about the functions of the brain and spinal cord in the central nervous system (CNS) are true? (Select all that apply)

• 1. The brain is responsible for processing sensory information and regulating bodily functions.

• 1. The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

• 1. The spinal cord coordinates reflexes and responses.