The video explores the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC, where a small Greek force defeated a much larger Persian army. It covers the historical context, the Persian invasion plan, and the Greek defense strategy led by Miltiades. The battle's tactics, including the use of the phalanx formation, are detailed. The Greek victory was pivotal, preventing Persian expansion into Greece and fostering the development of democracy in Athens. The legacy of the battle is remembered through the modern marathon race.

What was the primary objective of the Persian invasion at Marathon?

• To establish a trade route

• To capture Athens and conquer Greece

• To form an alliance with Sparta

• To explore new territories

Which city-state was considered the most influential in Greece at the time of the battle?

• Athens

• Corinth

• Sparta

• Thebes

Why did the Spartans not join the Athenians immediately in the battle?

• They were waiting for reinforcements

• They were engaged in another war

• They did not receive the message

• They were celebrating a religious festival

What was the strategic advantage of the Greeks' position during the initial standoff?

• They had more soldiers

• They had better weapons

• They were on higher ground

• They had a supply advantage

What was the key tactical change made by Miltiades during the battle?

• He used cavalry instead of infantry

• He waited for reinforcements

• He thinned the center of his line

• He retreated to higher ground

How did the Greek hoplites manage to surprise the Persian archers?

• By charging at full speed

• By using long-range weapons

• By using stealth tactics

• By retreating suddenly

What was the outcome of the Battle of Marathon for the Persians?

• They captured Athens

• They formed an alliance with the Greeks

• They won the battle

• They retreated to their ships

What was the significance of the Battle of Marathon for Athens?

• It was a great victory that boosted their confidence

• It was a minor skirmish

• It marked the end of democracy

• It led to the fall of Athens

What legacy did the Battle of Marathon leave in terms of athletic events?

• The invention of the discus throw

• The establishment of the first gymnasium

• The introduction of the marathon race

• The creation of the Olympic Games

How many Greek soldiers were lost in the Battle of Marathon?

• 3000

• 6500

• 192

• 500