Database Normalization

What is the primary goal of database normalization?

• Increase data redundancy

• Minimize data duplication and redundancy

• Create larger databases

• Improve data visualization

Which of the following statements fully describes data in 2NF:

• 
  When any repeating fields have been removed and the table is given a primary key

• 
  When all the fields in each table are directly related to the primary key

• When all repeating entries of data are removed and the fields in each table are directly related to the primary key and no fields are present that are not related to each other

A relation is in 1NF if it doesn't contain any ____________?

• 
  Determinants

• Null values in primary key fields

• Repeating groups

• Functional dependencies

In First Normal Form (1NF), a table must:

• Contain only one column

• Have atomic (indivisible) values

• Contain repeating groups

• Allow null values in primary keys

Which form of normalization eliminates partial dependencies?

• First Normal Form (1NF)

• Second Normal Form (2NF)

• Third Normal Form (3NF)

• Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)

In 3NF, a table should be free from:

• Partial dependencies

• Transitive dependencies

• Repeating groups

• Candidate keys

What is an anomaly in databases?

• An error caused by a violation of normalization rules

• A way to optimize performance

• A unique record in a database

• A method to index data

Which of the following is a violation of 1NF?

• Having atomic values

• Having multiple values in a single column

• Creating unique primary keys

• Eliminating repeating groups

An update anomaly occurs when:

• Data must be updated in multiple places, increasing the risk of inconsistencies

• Updating a foreign key leads to a cascade delete in a related table

• An update to the database schema prevents new records from being added

• Updating a single column in one table automatically updates related tables

A deletion anomaly occurs when:

• Deleting multiple records leads to a violation of the database’s unique key constraints

• Deleting an entry in a table violates referential integrity constraints

• Deleting a record in one table unintentionally removes important related data from other tables

• A record cannot be deleted without first deleting foreign key references in other tables