The Ottoman Empire, lasting over 600 years, was a vast and influential empire that spanned Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. Founded by Osman Gazi, it expanded under leaders like Orhan and Mehmet II, who famously conquered Constantinople. Suleiman the Magnificent furthered its reach and cultural achievements. However, internal strife and failure to modernize led to its decline. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's reforms transformed the remnants into modern Turkey, marking the end of the Ottoman era.

What was a key factor in the early military success of the Ottoman Empire under Osman Gazi?

• Use of gunpowder

• Advanced naval technology

• Alliances with European powers

• Speed and mobility of cavalry

How did the Ottomans treat the conquered Christian populations during their early expansions?

• They forced conversions to Islam

• They imposed heavy taxes

• They expelled them from their lands

• They granted religious freedom

What was the primary role of the Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire?

• To serve as diplomats

• To manage trade routes

• To act as a personal guard for the Sultan

• To be an elite military force

What innovative strategy did Mehmet II use to bypass the chain blocking the Golden Horn during the siege of Constantinople?

• He bribed the Byzantine guards

• He transported ships overland

• He used submarines

• He built a bridge over the chain

After the conquest of Constantinople, what significant change did Mehmet II implement in the city?

• He renamed it to Istanbul

• He destroyed all Christian churches

• He moved the capital to Bursa

• He banned all trade with Europe

What was one of the primary goals of Mehmet the Conqueror during his reign?

• To form alliances with European monarchs

• To conquer Christian lands and tax them

• To abolish the Janissaries

• To establish trade routes with China

How did Suleiman the Magnificent contribute to the cultural development of the Ottoman Empire?

• By establishing the first university in Europe

• By inventing the printing press

• By launching a cultural and architectural revival

• By building the Great Wall of China

Which factor contributed significantly to the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

• The invention of the printing press

• The rise of the Mongol Empire

• The spread of the Black Death

• The discovery of new trade routes by European powers

What was the impact of the Treaty of Sevres on the Ottoman Empire?

• It created a new alliance with Russia

• It established the Ottoman Empire as a world power

• It resulted in the division of the Ottoman homeland

• It led to the expansion of the Ottoman Empire

What was a significant reform introduced by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Turkey?

• The establishment of a new caliphate

• The adoption of the Latin alphabet

• The reintroduction of the Ottoman Sultanate

• The expansion of the Ottoman Empire