Revision: Cancer Cell Biology and Cancer Effects

Which of the following are functions of apoptosis?

• Allow cells to die in a controlled manner.

• Shape organs during development.

• Maintain immune system balance.

• Divide cells into two identical daughter cells.

Apoptosis plays an important role in preventing cancer, but it is not always successful. Choose 1 answer:

• The cues that would trigger apoptosis have failed in cancer cells.

• Cancer cells are formed when necrosis occurs instead of apoptosis.

• Cancer is an example of uncontrolled apoptosis.

• Cancer cells cause excessive apoptosis in surrounding cells to make room for more cancer cell growth.

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates apoptosis?

• Webbing between an embryo's toes is eliminated during embryological development.

• A severe burn causes a cell to die.

• An immune cell self-destructs once it is no longer needed by the immune system.

• Muscle fibres are signalled to move and contract.

What is meant by the term 'Differentiation.'

• The process by which cells become specialised

• The division of cells into two identical cells

• The destruction of cells

• The movement of cells to different parts of the body

Select the correct definition for the term 'Signs' (in the context of signs and symptoms).

• Subjective experiences reported by the patient

• Objective evidence of disease observed by others

• Emotional responses to illness

• Genetic markers of disease

Select the correct definition for the term 'Symptom' (in the context of signs and symptoms).

• Objective evidence of disease observed by others

• Subjective experiences reported by the patient

• Physical changes in the body

• Genetic mutations

Which of the following is an example of a sign of cancer?

• Fatigue

• Weight loss

• A lump or mass

• Nausea

Which of the following is an example of a symptom of cancer?

• A lump or mass

• Fever

• Coughing

• Pain

What is Angiogenesis?

• The formation of new blood vessels

• The destruction of blood vessels

• The movement of blood cells

• The clotting of blood

How do cancer cells undergo angiogenesis?

• By releasing growth factors that stimulate blood vessel formation

• By destroying existing blood vessels

• By moving to areas with more blood supply

• By reducing blood flow to the tumor