Metabolism

glucose

• used to release energy, made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

• molecules that are the building blocks of proteins
• a molecule made of carbon and oxygen atoms
• a gas needed for respiration in living things

During a science experiment, Priya is studying the conversion of the six-carbon molecule fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two three-carbon fragments. Which enzyme catalyzes this reaction?

• ligases

• isomerases

• synthases

• lyases

Which type of reaction is involved in signal transduction pathways?

• Oxidation-reduction reactions

• Group-transfer reactions

• Isomerization reactions

• Condensation reactions

Rosie is studying metabolic processes and wonders, what is ketogenesis?

• production of Acetyl-CoA

• ketones come to brain

• conversion of acetyl CoA to ketones

• None of this

Answer explanation

Ketogenesis is the process where acetyl-CoA is converted into ketones, primarily in the liver. This is crucial during fasting or low-carbohydrate intake, providing an alternative energy source for the brain and other tissues.

Which of the following is not true about the electron transport chain?

• Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane

• Produces water as a byproduct

• Directly generates ATP

• Involves a series of redox reactions

Answer explanation

The electron transport chain does not directly generate ATP; instead, it creates a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase. The other statements about its location, byproducts, and redox reactions are true.

What is the primary function of ATP in cellular processes?

• To store genetic information

• To provide energy for cellular activities

• To act as a structural component of cell membranes

• To serve as a catalyst in biochemical reactions

Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen?

• Amylase

• Catalase

• Lipase

• Protease