RM quiz 2

What is the key difference between an aim and a hypothesis in psychological research?

• An aim is a specific prediction, while a hypothesis describes the general purpose of the study.

• An aim tests the results of the study, while a hypothesis states the objectives.

• An aim states the overall objective of the study, while a hypothesis makes a specific prediction about the outcome.

• An aim proves the hypothesis, while a hypothesis describes the study's goals.

Which of the following is a null hypothesis?

• There will be no difference in memory recall between morning and evening study sessions.

• Morning study sessions will improve memory recall compared to evening sessions.

• Evening study sessions will reduce memory recall compared to morning sessions.

• Memory recall is higher in students who do not study.

What is a directional hypothesis (one-tailed)?

• A hypothesis that predicts no difference or relationship between variables.

• A hypothesis that predicts the direction of the difference or relationship between variables.

• A hypothesis that predicts a difference between variables but not the direction.

• A hypothesis that rejects all null hypotheses.

Which of these hypotheses is non-directional (two-tailed)?

• Participants who sleep more will score higher on memory tests.

• Less sleep will lead to poorer memory recall.

• There will be a difference in memory recall between participants who sleep more and those who sleep less.

• More sleep improves memory.

What is the key difference between a sample and a population in psychological research?

• A population includes only the participants in the study, while a sample is everyone who could potentially participate.

• A population is the entire group the researcher is interested in, while a sample is a smaller group selected from that population.

• A sample includes every individual of interest, while a population is just a subset of individuals.

• A sample is a larger group than the population in most research studies.

Which of the following is an example of random sampling?

• Asking for volunteers to participate in a study

• Drawing participants’ names from a hat

• Approaching participants at a shopping mall

• Picking participants based on specific characteristics

What is one strength of opportunity sampling?

• It provides a representative sample.

• It is quick and easy to obtain participants.

• It allows for generalization to the entire population.

• It ensures diversity in the sample.

Which of the following is a weakness of volunteer (self-selecting) sampling?

• It is too time-consuming.

• It does not represent any part of the population.

• It may lead to biased samples, as participants are motivated.

• It is difficult to conduct.

Which of the following is a feature of a structured interview?

• Questions are flexible and can change based on the participant’s responses.

• Questions are predetermined and asked in a fixed order.

• The interviewer adapts to the conversation's flow.

• The interview is held in person only.

Which technique is commonly used for questionnaires?

• Paper and pencil or online format

• Open-ended interviews only

• Face-to-face structured interviews

• Observations