PM Review

1. When a plate sinks into the mantle, it ____________________.

• creates new rock at the edges of the plates
• turns into hard rock.
• pushes the plates away from each other.
• melts and is destroyed

2. Earth's ___________ includes the outer layer.

• atmosphere
• biosphere
• geosphere
• hydrosphere

3. A group of geologists have been studying GPS data that shows that two plates moved apart. Which diagram shows what happened between the two plates as they moved away from each other?

• Diagram A: Ocean water filled in the gap that was created by the plates moving apart.
• Diagram B: A new plate from underneath the outer layer filled the gap that was created by the plates moving apart
• Diagram C: Soft, solid rock from underneath the plates rose and hardened, adding solid rock to the edges of both plates
• Diagram D: Sand and dirt filled in the gap that was created by the plates moving apart.

4. Four students created models of plate motion. Which students’ model best demonstrates what is happening at a place where two plates are moving toward each other?

• Student #1: One plate goes underneath the other plate and sinks into the soft rock below.
• Student #2: One plate goes underneath the other plate and sinks into the ocean below.
• Student #3: Two plates push against each other, causing the edges to bend upward.
• Student #4: Two plates hit each other, and the plates break into pieces, creating sand.

5. What is the arrow pointing to in the diagram below?

• part of a plate that is a continent
• the mantle
• part of a plate that is the ocean floor
• deep ocean trench

6. Which of the following images shows a cross section of an airplane?

• Diagram A
• Diagram B
• Diagram C
• Diagram D

7. During the Permian Period on Earth, four legged animals called lystrosaurus lived together on land, but were unable to swim. Fossils of this creature have been discovered in Australia and Antarctica. Select the statement below that explains how these fossils could be located on continents separated by an ocean.

• The continent of Australia is attached to one plate that is right next to it. Hurricanes and other large weather events created extremely high winds and ocean currents that caused the plates to float away from each other across the ocean.
• Australia and Antartica were once located right next to each other on the same plate, but large earthquakes broke the plate into two large pieces. As more earthquakes occured, the plates were pushed farther and farther apart which allowed magma from the mantle to rise up and add new rock to the edges of the plates.
• The continents of Australia and Antarctica are attached to different plates that are right next to each other. From the mantle, magma slowly rose up in between the two plates and added new rock to the edges of both plates. As new rocks kept being added, the two plates moved farther and farther apart over which also moved the two continents away from each other.

8. In the diagram, which letter points to the oldest parts of the outer layer?

• A
• B
• C
• All of these

9. A community that lives along the ocean shoreline would like to install wind turbines to produce electricity for their town. They are considering Location 1 which is in the ocean and Location 2 which is on the shore. Wind turbines must be anchored to hard solid rock so they won’t fall down. In which location will the construction team be able to find hard, solid rock?

• There is hard, solid rock under Location 1 and 2 because Earth's entire outer layer is made of hard solid rock.
• There is hard, solid rock only under Location 2 because Earth's outer layer is made of hard, solid rock underneath continents but not under the ocean.
• Wind turbines should not be placed in Location 1 or 2 because ther eis only water underneath both places.
• Wind turbines should not be placed in Location 1 or 2 because ther eis only sand and mud underneath both places.

10. ___ are landforms that form at a convergent boundary.

• mid-ocean ridges
• plateaus
• trenches
• plains