12.2 F&C

Why did the crusader kingdoms depend on Italian port cities like Venice and Pisa for supplies?

• They preferred the foods and other goods from those cities.
• The cities could send supplies by ship, avoiding the Muslim-controlled lands surrounding the crusader kingdoms.
• The prices were lowest in those cities.
• Pope Urban II decreed that they should buy from those cities.

As the First Crusade began, Pope Urban II promised the people that

• the sins of anyone killed on the Crusade would instantly be forgiven.
• those who fought well would be given a title.
• all crusaders would be well paid.
• no one who participated in the Crusade would be killed.

Whose request for military assistance from the Europeans provided the excuse for launching the Crusades?

• the Cistercian monk Bernard of Clairvaux
• Pope Urban II
• the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus
• the German emperor Frederick Barbarossa

The city that both Muslims and Christians most wanted to control was

• Venice.
• Constantinople.
• Marseilles.
• Jerusalem.

During the Second Crusade, Jerusalem was besieged and taken by

• Byzantine armies led by Emperor Alexius I Comnenus.
• Christian forces under the leadership of Godfrey de Bouillon.
• Muslim forces under the leadership of Saladin.
• English crusaders led by King Richard I (the Lionhearted).

What effect did the Crusades have on Italian port cities, such as Venice and Genoa?

• They became wealthy and powerful because they were able to do so much trading with the Crusaders.
• They were not affected in any way by the Crusades.
• They were conquered by the crusaders and lost power as a result.
• They sent so many of their citizens off to fight in the Crusades that their populations were seriously reduced.

Which of the following was a result of the Crusades?

• the breakdown of feudalism
• the rise of the Byzantine Empire
• the expulsion of the Muslims from the Holy Land
• improved relations with the Jews

The sacking of Constantinople in 1204 by European crusaders

• helped to weaken the Byzantine Empire.
• was intended to intimidate the crusaders’ Muslim enemies.
• was necessary because the crusaders needed gold to fund their armies.
• marked the successful conclusion of the Crusades.

The most difficult shrine for most Christians to make a pilgrimage to was in

• Rome.
• Jerusalem.
• Worms.
• Santiago de Compostela.

Choose the terms that correctly complete the sentence. When the _____ emperor asked for help against the threat of invasion by the Seljuk Turks, Pope Urban II saw an opportunity to provide leadership for a great cause...

• Holy Roman
• Russian
• Byzantine