Reconstruction 5

Match the following Reconstruction Amendments

• 14th Amendment

• grants citizenship to anyone born in the United States and equal protection to citizens under the law

• 13th Amendment

• states voting rights cannot be denied to citizens based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude

• 15th Amendment

• abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except in the case of being convicted of a crime

Match the following vocabulary terms.

• Jim Crow Laws

• separating people of different races in public places

• Plessy vs. Ferguson

• 1896 Supreme Court ruling that made “separate but equal” the law of the land.  It created more segregation laws throughout the South.

• Amnesty Act

• laws that separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, streetcars, playgrounds, hospitals, and even cemeteries

• Compromise of 1877

• restored the right to vote to nearly all white Southerners

• segregation

• awarded all the electoral votes to the Republican candidate Rutherford B Hayes in exchange for the Republicans agreeing to withdraw federal troops from the South, basically ending Reconstruction.

Cause: In May 1872, Congress passed the Amnesty Act which restored the right to vote to nearly all white Southerners.

• Effect: By 1876 Democrats had ousted most of the carpetbagger Republican governments

• Effect: African Americans rights continued to be protected and Republican governments stayed in power

Cause: There was not clear winner in the 1876 election between Samuel Tilden and Rutherford B. Hayes.

• Effect: Samuel Tilden won the popular vote and became President of the United States.

• Effect: The Electoral College awarded enough votes to Hayes in exchange for Republicans agreeing to withdraw troops from the South.

Cause: Homer Plessy deliberately broke Louisiana segregation law and then argued his rights to "equal protection" were being violated.

• Effect: The Supreme Court ruled in his favor and segregation became illegal in the South.

• Effect: The Supreme Court upheld the ruling and determined "separate but equal" was equal, and therefore strengthened segregation laws.

Match the following voting restrictions that took place in the South

• grandfather clause

• required voters to pay a fee each time they voted.  This prevented poor African Americans from voting

• poll tax

• required voters to read and explain a section of the Constitution.  Since most African Americans had little or no education, these challenging tests kept them away from the polls.

• literacy test

• If a voter’s father or grandfather had been able to vote on January 1, 1867, the voter did not have to take a literacy test.