What are the colligative properties of solutions?

How do solutes lower vapor pressure?

If there are limitations on Raoult’s law, how can we compute the vapor pressures of nonideal solutions with high concentrations?

What are the partial pressures of the benzene and toluene above this solution?

What is the composition of the vapor in equilibrium with the toluene-benzene solution of Let’s Practice! slide 21 if the total vapor pressure of the solution is 56.75 mmHg?

What is the total vapor pressure and composition of the vapor in equilibrium with the toluene-benzene solution from the previous Try it! item?

Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution consisting of 4 moles of a nonvolatile solute and 16 moles of water at 25 °C, given that the vapor pressure of pure water at 25 °C is 24.5 mmHg.

Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution consisting of 8 moles of a nonvolatile solute and 50 moles of water at 25 °C, given that the vapor pressure of pure water at 25 °C is 26 torr?

Raoult’s Law states that the partial vapor pressure of each component of an ideal mixture of liquids is the total of the vapor pressure of the pure component multiplied by its mole fraction in the mixture.

• True

• False

Write T if the following statement is true. Otherwise, write F. Colligative properties are properties of solutions that are dependent on the concentration of solute particles.

• True

• False