1.5 Developments in Africa

In Sub-Saharan Africa communities formed ___ where families governed themselves.

• kingdoms

• chiefs

• filial piety

• kin-based networks

In modern-day ___, the Hausa Kingdoms formed several states, loosely connected through kin-ship ties.

• Ghana

• Uganda

• Nigeria

• Mali

Many Hausa benefited from the thriving ___, a network of merchant routes across the great desert.

• Sea Roads

• trans-Saharan trade

• Middle Passage

• Gold Roads

Located between the Sahara and the tropical rain forests of the West African coast, the kingdom of ___ was founded during the 5th century, and reached its peak during the 8th-11th centuries.

• Ghana

• Songhai

• Koumbi Saleh

• Hausa

From the capital, ___, the king ruled a centralized government aided by nobles and an army with iron weapons.

• Timbuktu

• Koumbi Saleh

• Mogadishu

• Malindi

By the 12th century, Ghana had lost power, and __ rose as a wealthy Muslim kingdom.

• Mali

• Mogadishu

• Ethiopia

• Zanj

In Africa, the architectural achievements show the growing wealth of one kingdom: the ___, situated between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers. It built wealth from both agriculture, grazing, trade, and gold.

• Malindi

• Saleh

• Zimbabwe

• Ethiopia

In East Africa, traders blended the Bantu language and Arabic to develop a new language: __.

• Urdu

• Swahili

• Sanskrit

• Latin

In modern Ethiopia, the kingdom of __ developed as a prosperous Christian state.

• Axum

• Addis Ababa

• Mogadishu

• Cairo

Between 869 and 883, about 15,000 enslaved Arab workers successfully captured Basra and held it for ten years before being defeated; this is known as the __

• Reign of Terror

• Sepoy Rebellion

• Zanj Rebellion

• July Revolt