Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder affecting red blood cells, causing them to become inflexible and sickle-shaped due to a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. This leads to blockages in blood vessels, resulting in pain and potential complications like stroke. The disorder is inherited when both parents pass on the recessive allele. It is prevalent in regions affected by malaria, as carrying the sickle cell allele provides some protection against the disease. The video explains the inheritance patterns, symptoms, and geographical prevalence of sickle cell anemia.

What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

• To provide energy to the cells

• To clot the blood

• To carry oxygen around the body

• To fight infections

What shape do red blood cells take in individuals with sickle cell anemia?

• Crescent or sickle-shaped

• Round and flexible

• Square and rigid

• Irregular but flexible

What triggers a sickle cell crisis?

• Excessive oxygen in the blood

• Blockages in blood vessels preventing oxygen and glucose delivery

• Overproduction of red blood cells

• Lack of physical activity

What is a major complication of sickle cell anemia?

• Increased risk of diabetes

• Enhanced physical endurance

• High blood pressure

• Stroke due to blockage in brain blood vessels

What percentage of abnormal hemoglobin do carriers of the sickle cell allele have?

• 25%

• 100%

• 50%

• 75%

How is sickle cell anemia inherited?

• Through a mutation after birth

• From both parents, each carrying one copy of the normal allele

• From one parent carrying two copies of the faulty allele

• From both parents, each carrying one copy of the faulty allele

What is the likelihood of two carriers having a child with sickle cell anemia?

• 100%

• 50%

• 25%

• 75%

Approximately how many people worldwide are carriers of the sickle cell allele?

• 430 thousand

• 43 thousand

• 4.3 million

• 43 million

Which regions have the highest prevalence of sickle cell anemia?

• Australia

• Northern Europe

• South America

• Central Africa and parts of India

How does the sickle cell trait provide protection against malaria?

• By increasing the number of white blood cells

• By producing antibodies against the malaria parasite

• By blocking the entry of the parasite into the blood

• By causing red blood cells to burst before the parasite matures