2.1 Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

What does the atomic number of an element tell you?

• The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element

• The number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of that element

• The number of electrons orbiting the nucleus of an atom of that element

• The mass number of an atom of that element

What is the relationship between the atomic number and the number of protons in an atom?

• The atomic number is always less than the number of protons.

• The atomic number is always greater than the number of protons.

• The atomic number is always equal to the number of protons.

• The atomic number and number of protons are completely unrelated.

Which of the following statements about the mass number of an atom is true?

• The mass number tells you the number of protons in the nucleus.

• The mass number tells you the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus.

• The mass number tells you the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

• The mass number is the same as the atomic number for any given element.

An atom of lithium has an atomic number of 3 and a mass number of 7. How many neutrons does a lithium atom have?

• 3 neutrons

• 4 neutrons

• 7 neutrons

• 10 neutrons

Which of the following statements about the charge of subatomic particles is true?

• Protons have a negative charge, electrons have a positive charge, and neutrons have no charge.

• Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no charge.

• Protons and electrons both have a positive charge, while neutrons have a negative charge.

• Protons and neutrons both have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge.

What is the key difference between the atomic mass of hydrogen (1 g/mol) and the atomic mass of carbon (12 g/mol)?

• Hydrogen atoms have more mass than carbon atoms.

• Carbon atoms have more mass than hydrogen atoms.

• Hydrogen and carbon atoms have exactly the same mass.

• Mass is not related to the atomic number or mass number.

Suppose you have two pieces of metal, one of sodium and one of iron, each measuring 1 cm³ in volume. Which of the following is true about their masses?

• The sodium and iron pieces will have exactly the same mass.

• The sodium piece will have a greater mass than the iron piece.

• The iron piece will have a greater mass than the sodium piece.

• There is not enough information provided to determine the relative masses.

What is the term used to describe the measure of the mass of a substance per unit volume?

• Atomic mass

• Atomic number

• Mass number

• Density

According to the Bohr model of the atom, how are the electrons arranged around the nucleus?

• Electrons are randomly distributed around the nucleus.

• Electrons orbit the nucleus in a single circular path.

• Electrons are arranged in different shells or energy levels around the nucleus.

• Electrons are fixed in specific positions around the nucleus.

What is the key difference between the Rutherford model and the Bohr model of the atom?

• The Rutherford model has a dense, positively-charged nucleus, while the Bohr model does not.

• The Bohr model has electrons arranged in shells, while the Rutherford model has a random electron distribution.

• The Rutherford model has a dense, positively-charged nucleus, while the Bohr model has electrons arranged in shells.

• There is no significant difference between the Rutherford and Bohr models of the atom.