Microbial Resistance

What has caused a major cause to emergence of strains of bacteria that do not respond to antimicrobial therapy?

• misuse of antibiotics

• increased human population

• mutations in bacteria

• people showing to work sick

Animal pathogens and human public health

• never pose a risk in humans

• only affect humans that are in close contacts to animals

• affect humans as foodborne contamination

• is an issue not addressed in public health

Increased prevalence and spread of resistnace is an outcome of ____________________ and should be viewed as 'survival of the fittesst'.

_____________organisms, those lacking the advantageous trait will be eliminated

Susceptible bacteria acquire resistance by genetic ________ or by accepting antimicrobial _________ genes from other bacteria

____________ is a change in the DNA that can sometimes cause a change in the gene product, which is the target of the antimicrobial

• Efflux

• Mutation

• Destruction

• inactivation

Block DNA replication to inhibit the bacterial expansion

• Fluoroquilonone

• tetracycline

• daptomycin

• penicillin

Explain how mutations inhibit fluorquinalones

Bacterias can posses enzymes that degrade or modify the antimicrobial agents

• Efflux

• Mutations

• Destruction

• Inactivation

Mechanims by which antimicrobials are exported out of the cell making them inactive

• Efflux

• Mutations

• Destruction

• Inactivation