What is the primary source of energy for ecosystems on Earth?

• Hydroelectric power

• Geothermal heat

• Sunlight

• Wind

Which process converts sunlight into chemical energy?

• Photosynthesis

• Fermentation

• Respiration

• Digestion

What role do herbivores play in the flow of energy in an ecosystem?

• They produce energy

• They absorb energy from the sun

• They decompose organic matter

• They transfer energy by consuming plants

How do decomposers contribute to nutrient cycling?

• By capturing sunlight

• By consuming live plants

• By breaking down organic material

• By producing carbon dioxide

How is energy lost within an ecosystem?

• As mechanical work

• As heat during metabolic processes

• Through water cycles

• By radiation into space

Why is continuous energy input from the sun necessary for ecosystems?

• To maintain atmospheric pressure

• To produce oxygen

• To support photosynthesis

• To keep the Earth warm

What is the consequence of the limited availability of essential nutrients like phosphorus?

• Necessity for nutrient recycling

• Decreased plant growth

• Increased energy flow

• Higher atmospheric temperatures

Which nutrient is captured by photosynthesis and is essential for life?

• Hydrogen

• Nitrogen

• Carbon

• Oxygen

What would happen if nutrients were not recycled in ecosystems?

• Plants would grow at increased rates

• Sunlight would become less effective

• Life on Earth would not be sustainable

• Ecosystems would become overly abundant with nutrients

What is the impact of energy and nutrient processes on ecosystem interactions?

• They reduce energy efficiency

• They shape complex living communities

• They increase pollution

• They decrease biodiversity