Exploring Human Development Theories

Which of the following stages is NOT part of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

• Sensorimotor

• Preoperational

• Postformal

• Concrete operational

According to Kohlberg, at which level of moral development do individuals follow rules to avoid punishment?

• Pre-conventional

• Conventional

• Post-conventional

• Autonomous

Vygotsky's theory emphasises the role of which of the following in cognitive development?

• Biological maturation

• Social interaction

• Individual exploration

• Genetic inheritance

Albert Bandura is best known for his work in which of the following areas?

• Psychoanalysis

• Behaviourism

• Social learning theory

• Humanistic psychology

Which of the following is a key concept in Bandura's social learning theory?

• Classical conditioning

• Observational learning

• Cognitive dissonance

• Self-actualisation

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often depicted as a pyramid. Which need is at the base of this pyramid?

• Esteem needs

• Safety needs

• Physiological needs

• Love and belonging needs

In Piaget's theory, which stage is characterised by the development of logical thought about concrete events?

• Sensorimotor

• Preoperational

• Concrete operational

• Formal operational

According to Kohlberg, which stage of moral development involves the understanding of universal ethical principles?

• Pre-conventional

• Conventional

• Post-conventional

• Autonomous

Vygotsky introduced the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). What does this concept refer to?

• The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance

• The stages of moral development

• The stages of cognitive development

• The hierarchy of needs

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Maslow's self-actualised individuals?

• Creativity

• Problem-solving

• Need for approval

• Acceptance of facts