Exploring Glucose Metabolism

What is the primary function of mitochondria in nucleated cells?

• Protein synthesis

• ATP production

• DNA replication

• Lipid storage

How can mitochondria be best observed under a microscope?

• Using a scanning electron microscope

• Staining with iodine

• Squeezing the cell under a coverglass until it ruptures

• Using a fluorescent dye

What increases the surface area for chemical reactions in mitochondria?

• Matrix

• Cristae

• Ribosomes

• Outer membrane

Where do the chemical reactions involved in ATP synthesis occur?

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Inner membrane

• Outer membrane

What is the role of oxygen in the mitochondria?

• To break down fats

• To attract electrons and help in ATP production

• To store energy

• To provide electrons

How much more energy does fat contain compared to sugar?

• Same amount

• Twice as much

• Half as much

• Three times as much

How many ATP molecules can a cell produce from one sugar molecule without oxygen?

• 18

• 12

• 36

• 2

How many ATP molecules can a cell produce from one sugar molecule with oxygen?

• 36

• 12

• 2

• 18

What happens to the hydrogen ions during ATP synthesis?

• They combine with carbon dioxide

• They are converted into water

• They escape through ATP synthase

• They are stored in the outer membrane

What is the final product when carbon atoms combine with oxygen in the mitochondria?

• Water

• Carbon dioxide

• Glucose

• Lactic acid