Exploring Key Philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment

This lecture explores key figures and ideas of the Enlightenment, including Rousseau's social contract, Kant's moral philosophy, Montesquieu's government structure, Beccaria's views on punishment, and Adam Smith's economic theories. It also discusses the Encyclopedia's controversial impact and Mary Wollstonecraft's advocacy for women's rights.

What concept did Jean-Jacques Rousseau introduce that emphasizes the collective agreement of the people?

• Social Contract

• General Will

• Categorical Imperative

• Separation of Powers

According to Rousseau, what is the role of women in society?

• Raise children and please their husbands

• Engage in political discussions

• Lead salons

• Participate in the public sphere

Immanuel Kant separated which two branches of knowledge?

• Philosophy and Ethics

• Science and Morality

• Politics and Economics

• Science and Religion

What is the 'categorical imperative' according to Kant?

• An economic model

• A political theory

• A scientific principle

• An intuitive moral instinct

What did Montesquieu conclude about political laws?

• They depend on the country's size, population, and customs

• They should be based on religious principles

• They should be the same for every country

• They are universal and apply to all

What was Cesare Beccaria's stance on punishment?

• It should be severe and torturous

• It should be based on religious laws

• It should deter further crimes without torture

• It should be delayed and lengthy

What economic system did Adam Smith's 'The Wealth of Nations' help to create?

• Communism

• Feudalism

• Socialism

• Capitalism

What did Adam Smith believe about government intervention in the economy?

• It should be extensive

• It should be based on religious principles

• It should be minimal or none

• It should be moderate

Who edited the Encyclopedia during the Enlightenment?

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Adam Smith

• Immanuel Kant

• Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert

What did Mary Wollstonecraft advocate for in her writings?

• Political power for men

• Religious reforms

• Equality for women based on reason

• Economic freedom