Module 1.5b

Which of the following psychological concepts refers to a student’s biological clock’s sleep–wake pattern that follows a 24-hour cycle?

• Melatonin

• Circadian rhythm

• Suprachiasmatic nucleus

• Rapid eye movement sleep

Dr. Liza conducted a sleep study in which half of the volunteers were randomly assigned to scroll through their friends’ photos on social media right before bedtime. The other half of the volunteers were told to avoid screens at bedtime. Dr. Liza measured the length of time it took for the volunteers to fall asleep once they got into their beds.

Which brain area is the likely focus of Dr. Liza’s research?

• Hippocampus

• Cerebellum

• Suprachiasmatic nucleus

• Motor cortex

Dr. Liza conducted a sleep study in which half of the volunteers were randomly assigned to scroll through their friends’ photos on social media right before bedtime. The other half of the volunteers were told to avoid screens at bedtime. Dr. Liza measured the length of time it took for the volunteers to fall asleep once they got into their beds.

Which body chemical is most implicated in Dr. Liza’s research?

• Dopamine

• Melatonin

• Norepinephrine

• Epinephrine

Dr. Liza conducted a sleep study in which half of the volunteers were randomly assigned to scroll through their friends’ photos on social media right before bedtime. The other half of the volunteers were told to avoid screens at bedtime. Dr. Liza measured the length of time it took for the volunteers to fall asleep once they got into their beds.

If Dr. Liza finds that the group who scrolled through their friends’ photos on social media took longer to fall asleep than the other group, what conclusion can she draw?

• Scrolling through friends’ photos on social media caused the volunteers to take longer to fall asleep.

• There is a positive correlation between scrolling through friends’ photos on social media and the length of time it took the volunteers to fall asleep.

• The effect of social media usage prior to bedtime can be applied to the general population.

• Dr. Liza cannot draw any conclusions about this research given its qualitative nature.

Dr. Liza conducted a sleep study in which half of the volunteers were randomly assigned to scroll through their friends’ photos on social media right before bedtime. The other half of the volunteers were told to avoid screens at bedtime. Dr. Liza measured the length of time it took for the volunteers to fall asleep once they got into their beds.

Based on Dr. Liza’s study, a journalist writes a magazine article claiming that everyone should avoid scrolling through friends’ photos on social media prior to bedtime, because it will then take them longer to fall asleep. Which of the following describes the journalist’s error?

• The journalist cannot generalize these research findings to the general population, because Dr. Liza did not use random assignment.

• The journalist cannot generalize these research findings to the general population, because Dr. Liza did not use random selection.

• The journalist cannot infer causality from Dr. Liza’s study, as it was a nonexperimental design.

• Providing general advice based on the results of one study is unethical.

Dr. Hedge replicated past EEG research by showing that alpha waves were present

• when people are in REM sleep.

• when people are in Stage 2 sleep.

• when people are in Stage 3 sleep.

• when people are awake.

Label the brain waves of human consciousness:

a

b

c

d

e

alpha

theta

beta

delta

gamma