Marine Science Quiz #3

Divergent boundaries

• 1. passive margins are broader and not associated with plate boundaries - the Florida coastline is an example of this type of margin

• Outer layers of the earth include the hard, brittle lithosphere and the hotter, viscous asthenosphere

• Occur where plates are moving away from one another

• gradually-sloping edges of continents that are covered by water

Convergent boundaries

• Occur where plates are moving toward one another

• Occur where plates are moving away from one another

• are underwater mountain ranges (boundaries) formed by divergent plates

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Transform fault

• Occur where the effects of the interactions are unclear

• 1. Convection, which is the movement of the hot mantle, both solid and liquid portions, as the hotter portion moves toward the surface, cools, and sinks back down

• 1. When an Ocean plate is thinner and denser than a continental plate

• Occur where two plates grind past each other

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

1. Margins - transitional zones between oceans and continents

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

• 1. Continental shelf - gradually-sloping edges of continents that are covered by water

• 1. Continental rise - a raised, wedge-shaped formation caused by sediments falling down the slope; typically absent where there is subduction of oceanic plate under continental plate

• caused by turbidity current erosion and slumping and mass wasting of the continental slope

• Continental slope - the steep part of the continental shelf; the base is where continental crust meets oceanic crust

• the Mariana trench is an example of this, where the Pacific plate subducts under the Mariana plate, and is the deepest trench on Earth; this is the location of Challenger Deep first sounded by HMS Challenger in 1875; the volcanic activity caused by the subduction process created the Mariana island chain, including the island of Guam

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Mid-ocean rifts and ridges.....

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

• 1. can turn into volcanic islands if they emerge from the surface, like the Hawai’i Island Chain

• are underwater mountain ranges formed by divergent plates

• include a rift that runs along the center like a valley

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Seamounts
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

• submerged volcanic mountains

•  at least 3000 miles tall

• 1. created by hotspots

•  maximum of 3000 miles tall

• 1. can turn into volcanic islands if they emerge from the surface (Hawai’i Island Chain)

Terrigenous

• fragments of preexisting rocks from the land that have made their way into the ocean, deposited by rivers, landslides, icebergs

• fragments of pre-historic rocks from the land that have made their way into fossils, such as aquatic fossils and land fossils (ex: dinosaurs)

• 1. created by tests of radiolarians and diatoms, and containing at least 30% of their skeletons which are composed of silica

• 1. rocks consisting mostly of oxides of manganese, nickel, copper, and iron

Biogenous

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

• 1. consists mostly of oxides of manganese, nickel, copper, and iron

• 1. composed of the remains of living organisms that settle out as sediment when the organisms die, such as shells, bones, and teeth

• 1. Unique Living organisms

• Habitats include volcanoes, weathering of rocks, wind-blown dust, grinding by glaciers, and sediment carried by rivers or icebergs.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Hydrogenous

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

• 1. Organisms that live in the water (aquatic animals) 

• H20

• 1. substances that form by way of chemical reactions in ocean water that then crystallize and settle 

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Cosmogenous

• Study of radiolarians and diatoms, and containing at least 30% of their skeletons which are composed of silica

• Study of Stars

• 1. derived from extraterrestrial sources, filtering in through the atmosphere or carried to Earth on meteorites