Mater, energy, and change

The particle below represents four molecules of a substance

Which particle diagram best represents the same substance after a physical change has taken place?

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Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Which of the following are characteristics of a gas? Select TWO correct answers.

• Gases cannot be compressed.

• Gases have a very rigid shape.

• Gases have fast-moving particles.

• Gases fill the entire space inside a container.

• Gases always have a fixed volume.

Solid A at 80°C is immersed in liquid B at 60°C. Which statement correctly describes the energy changes between A and B?

• A) A absorbs heat, and B releases heat.

• B) Both A and B absorb heat.

• C) Both A and B release heat.

• D) A releases heat, and B absorbs heat.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A 50.0-gram block of copper at 10.0°C is carefully lowered into 100.0 grams of water at 90.0°C in an insulated container. Which statement describes the transfer of heat in this system?

• The water gains heat, and the block loses heat until both are at the same temperature that is between 10.0°C and 90.0°C.

• The water loses heat to the block until both are at 10.0°C.

• The block gains heat from the water until both are at 90.0°C.

• The water loses heat, and the block gains heat until both are at the same temperature that is between 10.0°C and 90.0°C.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

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Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

According to the diagram, the chemical reaction in the forward direction is —

• A exothermic, because it releases energy.

• B endothermic, because it releases energy.

• C exothermic, because it absorbs energy.

• D endothermic, because it absorbs energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

In what type of reaction do the products of the reaction always possess more potential energy than the reactants?

• Endothermic

• Redox

• Spontaneous

• Exothermic

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Two iron blocks of equal size and mass are kept in contact with each other as shown in the figure. The block on the left side has been heated to 100°C and placed in contact with the block on the right side which has been cooled to 0°C. At thermal equilibrium what would the temperature of the block measure on the left and right side?

• 0°C, 0°C

• 100°C, 0°C

• 50°C, 50°C

• 75°C, 25°C

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

The experiment modeled how two samples with varying temperatures will eventually reach thermal equilibrium on a macroscopic scale. Which statement best supports thermal equilibrium on a microscopic scale?

• A) Beaker A has molecules of higher kinetic energy. These molecules collide with molecules from beaker B and transfer some of their energy. Energy is transferred until the average potential energy of the molecules from both samples are the same.

• B) The molecules in beaker A are warmer than in beaker B, but both beakers have the same kinetic energy. Mixing the samples reduces the number of collisions in the samples.

• C) Beaker A has molecules of lower kinetic energy. These molecules collide with molecules from beaker B and absorb energy until the average kinetic energy of the molecules from both samples are the same.

• D) Beaker A has molecules of higher kinetic energy. These molecules collide with molecules from beaker B and transfer some of their energy. Energy is transferred until the average kinetic energy of the molecules from both samples are the same.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Heat flows from hotter objects to colder objects until it reaches a state where heat is no longer flowing. What have the objects reached when heat is no longer flowing?

• A stable equilibrium

• B thermal equilibrium

• C chemical equilibrium

• D mechanical equilibrium

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4