Immunity Quiz

A client has active TB. Which of the following symptoms will he exhibit?

• Chest and lower back pain

• Chills, fever, night sweats, and hemoptysis

• Fever of more than 104°F and nausea

• Headache and photophobia

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'Chills, fever, night sweats, and hemoptysis' as these are classic symptoms of active tuberculosis. Other options do not specifically align with the typical presentation of TB.

Which of the following diagnostic tests is definitive for TB?

• Chest x-ray

• Mantoux test

• Sputum culture

• Tuberculin test

Answer explanation

The sputum culture is the definitive test for tuberculosis (TB) as it directly identifies the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Other tests, like chest x-rays and Mantoux tests, are useful but not definitive.

The nurse is assessing a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which manifestation should the nurse recognize as a result of inflammation? (Select all that apply.)

• Cough

• Malaise

• Maculopapular rash

• Joint pain

• Fever

Answer explanation

In SLE, inflammation can cause malaise, maculopapular rash, joint pain, and fever. These manifestations are common due to the autoimmune response, while cough is not directly linked to inflammation in SLE.

On a visit to the clinic, a client reports the onset of early symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should conduct a focused assessment for which symptoms?

• Limited motion of joints.

• Deformed joints of the hands.

• Early morning stiffness.

• Rheumatoid nodules.

Answer explanation

Early morning stiffness is a common early symptom of rheumatoid arthritis, indicating joint inflammation. Limited motion, deformed joints, and nodules may develop later, making morning stiffness the key focus for early assessment.

The nurse is assessing a 48-year-old client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Which clinical manifestation warrants immediate intervention?

• The client has scanning speech and diplopia.

• The client has dysarthria and scotomas.

• The client has muscle weakness and spasticity.

• The client has a congested cough and dysphagia.

Answer explanation

The client has a congested cough and dysphagia, indicating potential airway compromise and difficulty swallowing, which require immediate intervention to prevent aspiration and ensure safety.

The nurse enters the room of a client diagnosed with acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis and finds the client crying. Which statement is the most therapeutic response for the nurse to make?

• Why are you crying? The medication will help the disease.

• You seem upset. I will sit down and we can talk for a while.

• Multiple sclerosis is a disease that has good times and bad times.

• I will have the chaplain come and stay with you for a while.

Answer explanation

The response "You seem upset. I will sit down and we can talk for a while." is therapeutic as it acknowledges the client's feelings and offers support, fostering a safe space for expression, unlike the other options.

The nurse notes that a pediatric client with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has had poor growth since the last examination. Which suggestion should the nurse make to the client's parents?

• Add daily probiotic supplements.

• Administer liquid dietary supplements.

• Increase fiber intake to add bulk to stools.

• Decrease fluid intake to reduce diarrhea.

Answer explanation

Administering liquid dietary supplements is crucial for pediatric clients with IBD who have poor growth, as these supplements provide essential nutrients in a digestible form, supporting growth and overall health.

Fistulas are most common with which bowel disorders?

• Crohn's disease

• Diverticulitis

• Diverticulosis

• Ulcerative colitis

Answer explanation

Fistulas are most commonly associated with Crohn's disease due to its inflammatory nature, which can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and lead to abnormal connections between the bowel and other structures.

Which of the following symptoms is associated with ulcerative colitis?

• Dumping syndrome

• Rectal bleeding

• Soft stools

• Fistulas

Answer explanation

Rectal bleeding is a common symptom of ulcerative colitis, resulting from inflammation and ulceration of the colon. Other options like dumping syndrome and fistulas are not typically associated with this condition.