Motivation Theories on Learning

True or False:

Behaviorism views motivation as equivalent to a student's outward behaviors, focusing primarily on observable actions rather than internal drives or motives.

• True

• False

1. Which of the following is an example of Shaping as an operant condition?

• 1. Giving a student detention for swearing in class

• 1. Rewarding a student with food for turning in their work on time

• 1. Praising a student for turning in an assignment only one day late

• 1.  Scolding a student for drawing on a desk

Answer explanation

Praising a student for turning in an assignment only one day late is an example of shaping, as it reinforces a behavior (turning in work) that is closer to the desired behavior (on-time submission) through positive feedback.

A student does well on a test to impress their crush. What kind of goal is this?

• 1. Mastery Goal

• Performance Goal

• Failure-avoidant goal

• Social Goal

Answer explanation

The student's goal to impress their crush is a Social Goal, as it focuses on gaining approval and connection with others rather than solely on personal mastery or performance outcomes.

What kind of motivation comes from enjoying the task itself?

• • External motivation

• • Intrinsic motivation

• • Effort-based motivation

• • Situational motivation

Answer explanation

Intrinsic motivation arises from the enjoyment of the task itself, as opposed to external rewards or pressures. It reflects a genuine interest and satisfaction in the activity, making it the correct choice.

What is self-efficacy?

• Belief in your general intelligence

• • Belief that you can succeed at a specific task

• • Enjoyment of a subject

• Feeling like you can't control your success
  

Answer explanation

Self-efficacy refers to the belief that you can succeed at a specific task. It is not about general intelligence or enjoyment of a subject, nor does it involve feeling a lack of control over success.

1. Which type of interest is triggered by something surprising or exciting at the moment?

• • Personal interest

• • External interest

• • Situational interest

• Permanent interest

Answer explanation

Situational interest is triggered by immediate, surprising, or exciting events, making it the correct choice. It contrasts with personal, external, and permanent interests, which are more stable and less context-dependent.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic humans needs that motivate individuals?

• Autonomy

• Food

• Competence

• Relatedness

Answer explanation

The three basic human needs that motivate individuals are autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Food, while essential for survival, is not categorized as one of these psychological needs.

What could happen if one or more basic needs are not met well?

• Individuals may read books recommended by the instructor.

• Individuals may listen attentively to the instructor’s lecture.

• Individuals may feel coerced by outside pressures or external incentives.

• Individuals may actively engage in class discussions.

Answer explanation

If basic needs are unmet, individuals may feel pressured by external factors, leading to a lack of genuine engagement. This can result in them feeling coerced rather than motivated by intrinsic interest.

The acronym for the model of motivation that Carole Ames developed is:

• TREAT

• TASK

• GREAT

• TARGET

Answer explanation

Carole Ames developed the TARGET model of motivation, which stands for Task, Authority, Recognition, Grouping, Evaluation, and Time. Therefore, the correct acronym is TARGET.