AP US Govt Unit 4 Vocab Part 4 Quiz

Random Sample: In order to ensure the accuracy of their poll results, the researchers selected a __________, giving every member of the population an equal chance of being chosen.

• random sample

• biased sample

• convenience sample

• systematic sample

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'random sample' because it ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, which is essential for accurate poll results.

Representative Sample: The pollster explained that their survey used a __________, meaning the selected participants accurately reflected the larger group being studied.

• random sample

• biased sample

• representative sample

• convenience sample

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'representative sample' because it indicates that the selected participants accurately reflect the larger group being studied, which is essential for valid survey results.

Reserve Requirement: In its latest monetary policy update, the Federal Reserve increased the __________, requiring commercial banks to hold more cash in their vaults.

• reserve requirement

• interest rate

• inflation target

• federal funds rate

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'reserve requirement' because it refers to the amount of cash that commercial banks must hold, which the Federal Reserve can adjust to influence the money supply.

Sixteenth Amendment: The __________ gave Congress the power to tax individuals’ incomes, marking a significant change in how the federal government raises revenue.

• Sixteenth Amendment

• Fifteenth Amendment

• Seventeenth Amendment

• Eighteenth Amendment

Answer explanation

The Sixteenth Amendment gave Congress the authority to tax individual incomes, fundamentally altering the federal government's revenue system. The other amendments listed do not pertain to income taxation.

Social Desirability Bias: When conducting surveys on controversial topics, pollsters often encounter __________, where respondents give answers they believe will be viewed favorably by others rather than their true opinions.

• social desirability bias

• confirmation bias

• sampling bias

• response bias

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'social desirability bias' because it specifically refers to the tendency of respondents to provide answers they think are more socially acceptable, rather than their true beliefs, especially on controversial topics.

Social Policy: Government programs that improve healthcare, education, and housing are all examples of __________, which aim to improve people's quality of life.

• social policy

• economic policy

• foreign policy

• environmental policy

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'social policy' as it encompasses government programs aimed at improving healthcare, education, and housing, all of which enhance people's quality of life.

Social Security Act: The __________ established a system where workers contribute to a fund through payroll taxes, which provides financial support for the unemployed and retirees.

• Social Security Act

• Medicare Act

• Affordable Care Act

• Unemployment Insurance Act

Answer explanation

The Social Security Act established a system where workers contribute to a fund through payroll taxes, providing financial support for the unemployed and retirees, making it the correct choice.

Stratification/Weighting: To ensure that different demographic groups were properly represented in the poll, the researchers used __________ to adjust the sample results.

• stratification/weighting

• random sampling

• cluster sampling

• systematic sampling

Answer explanation

The researchers used stratification/weighting to ensure that different demographic groups were properly represented in the poll. This method adjusts the sample results to reflect the population accurately.

Supply-Side Economics: Advocates of __________ argue that reducing taxes and deregulating industries will encourage investment and stimulate economic growth.

• supply-side economics

• demand-side economics

• Keynesian economics

• monetarist economics

Answer explanation

Advocates of supply-side economics believe that lowering taxes and reducing regulations will lead to increased investment and economic growth, making it the correct choice in this context.

Tracking Polls: The campaign relied heavily on __________ to monitor how public opinion was shifting throughout the election season.

• tracking polls

• exit polls

• focus groups

• debate performances

Answer explanation

The campaign relied heavily on tracking polls to continuously assess public opinion changes during the election season, making them the most relevant choice compared to exit polls, focus groups, or debate performances.