Chapter 1 The Nature of Science ES

Why is reproducibility important in science?

• It ensures that scientists are skeptical.

• It allows for methodical and unbiased research.

• It helps to validate the results and eliminate chance occurrences.

• It helps to develop new theories.

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What is deductive reasoning?

• Reasoning from many observations to produce a general rule.

• Reasoning from specific observations to a general conclusion.

• Reasoning from general laws to specific conclusions.

• Reasoning based on intuition and personal beliefs.

What is the first step in the scientific method?

• Interpretation of results

• Testing a hypothesis

• Making an observation and identifying a question

• Gathering data from a test

What does probability measure?

• The likelihood of a specific outcome

• The certainty of an event occurring

• The accuracy of scientific observations

• The complexity of a scientific theory

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What is the role of consensus in science?

• It ensures that scientists agree on all aspects of a theory.

•  It allows for the development of new ideas and theories.

• It prevents paradigm shifts from occurring.

• It limits scientific progress.

What are paradigm shifts?

• Major shifts in scientific consensus caused by new ideas.

•  Changes in scientific theories that occur gradually over time.

• The acceptance of new scientific theories by a majority of scientists.

• The rejection of old scientific explanations without any replacement.

What is sound science?

• Scientific research that supports popular beliefs

• Scientific research that is based on personal opinions

• Scientific research that is rigorous, reliable, and unbiased

• Scientific research that is funded by government agencies

Which of the following best describes engineering?

• Using science and math to solve a problem or meet a need

• Conducting experiments to explain natural phenomena

• Analyzing and interpreting data to make predictions

• Developing models to represent complex systems

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What is data in the context of science?

• Measurements and observations

• Solutions to real-world problem

• Criteria for successful solutions

• Limitations of models

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What are models used for in science and engineering?

• To find answers to questions

• To generate data and make predictions

• To represent every detail of a system

• To set criteria and constraints for solutions

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