Cellular Components of the Nervous System

Nervous system consists of which two type of cells?

• Stem cells and platelets

• Red blood cells and white blood cells

• Neurons and glial cells

• Muscles and bones

Answer explanation

The nervous system is primarily composed of neurons, which transmit signals, and glial cells, which support and protect neurons. Other options do not represent the main cell types in the nervous system.

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

• To provide structural support to the body

• To facilitate communication throughout the body using electrical signals

• To transport nutrients and oxygen to cells

• To isolate and protect the body from pathogens

Answer explanation

The primary function of the nervous system is to facilitate communication throughout the body using electrical signals, allowing for rapid responses and coordination of bodily functions.

What is the role of an axon in a neuron?

• To receive signals from other neurons

• To support the neuron structurally

• To transmit electrical signals away from the neuron's cell body (soma)

• To supply nutrients to the neuron

Answer explanation

The axon is a crucial part of a neuron, responsible for transmitting electrical signals away from the cell body (soma) to other neurons or muscles, facilitating communication within the nervous system.

What is the primary function of the structure labeled in the diagram (axon)?

• To transport nutrients within the body

• To provide structural support to organs

• To transmit information throughout the nervous system

• To filter blood impurities

Answer explanation

The primary function of the axon is to transmit information throughout the nervous system. It carries electrical signals away from the neuron's cell body to communicate with other neurons, muscles, or glands.

A

• Dendrite

• Axon

• Axon Terminal

• Cell Body

Answer explanation

Dendrites are the parts of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons. They play a crucial role in transmitting information to the cell body, making them essential for neural communication.

B

• Dendrite

• Axon

• Axon Terminal

• Cell Body

Answer explanation

The axon terminal is the part of a neuron that releases neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons. It is crucial for transmitting signals, making it the correct answer in this context.

D

• Synapse

• Axon

• Axon Terminal

• Dendrite

Answer explanation

The axon is the long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body. It is essential for transmitting signals to other neurons, making it the correct answer.

E

• Synapse

• Cell Body

• Axon 

• Dendrite

Answer explanation

The cell body is the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and organelles. It integrates signals received from dendrites and is essential for the neuron's function, making it the correct answer.

Which of the following are types of neurons? May be more than one.

• sensory

• motor

• automatic

• electical

Answer explanation

Sensory and motor neurons are types of neurons. Sensory neurons transmit sensory information to the brain, while motor neurons carry signals from the brain to muscles. 'Automatic' and 'electrical' are not recognized types of neurons.

What type of glial cell attaches neurons to capillaries to form the blood brain barrier?

• Astrocyte

• Oligodendrocytes

• Microglial

• Ependymal

Answer explanation

Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that connect neurons to blood vessels, playing a crucial role in forming the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from harmful substances while allowing essential nutrients to pass.