What is the main problem that scientists face in understanding speech production?

The difficulty of coordinating many muscles in speech production.

The lack of technology to measure muscle activity.

The inability to identify the brain structures involved in speech.

The complexity of the speech anatomy.

Initially, how did scientists approach the study of speech production?

By searching for a simple, muscle-by-muscle coordination of speech.

By building mechanical robots that mimic speech.

By using neural networks to simulate speech.

By developing mathematical models of speech.

Why did scientists abandon the view that individual muscle actions are programmed on a one-by-one basis in speech?

Because the brain was found not to trigger muscles in a sequential manner.

Because technology advanced, allowing for better methods.

Because speech was found to be less complex than initially thought.

Because they discovered that muscles do not play a role in speech production.

What alternative approach did researchers adopt after finding that speech is more complex than initially thought?

Building models organized along coordinative structures or gestures.

Focusing on individual muscle actions.

Using electrodes to study muscle activity.

Abandoning the study of speech altogether.

What is a key feature of the models that scientists now use to understand speech production?

They describe trade-offs between sets of muscles to achieve a common function.

They ignore the role of muscles in speech production.

They focus on the sequential firing of muscles.

They assume that all muscles work independently.

What is the role of the brain in coordinating speech?

The brain triggers functions like "elevate lip," which then involve multiple muscles.

The brain triggers each muscle in a one-by-one fashion.

The brain regulates speech through a centralized executive function.

The brain plays a minimal role in speech production.

What evidence supports the synergistic model of speech production mentioned in the passage?

The observation that some muscles can take over if others are interrupted.

The discovery that speech involves only a few muscles.

The success of building avatars that can speak.

The realization that speech is programmed on a one-by-one muscle basis.

Which of the following best describes the degrees of freedom problem in speech production?

The challenge of controlling the many muscles involved in speech.

The need to program speech on a one-by-one muscle basis.

The inability to create models that simulate speech.

The difficulty in measuring brain activity during speech.

How do scientists use models to study speech production?

By simulating muscle coordination using mathematical and computerized models.

By focusing solely on the brain's neural structures.

By observing real-time speech in humans

By eliminating the need for muscle activity in speech.

What conclusion can be drawn from the passage about the organization of speech production in the body?

It relies on a distributed system where multiple muscles work together in synergy.

It is centrally controlled by the brain triggering each muscle individually.

It is a simple process involving a few muscle groups.

It is entirely dependent on the facial muscles.

What is the primary challenge that researchers face when trying to map speech?

The difficulty of connecting linguistic concepts with the physical reality of speech production.

The inability to create realistic talking robots.

The lack of technology to measure speech acoustics.

The complexity of understanding written language.

What was the early assumption made by linguists regarding speech production?

Language elements like words and syllables naturally map to speech goals in a linear fashion.

Speech is produced randomly without any systematic process.

The process of speech production is inherently non-linear.

Speech is fully controlled by acoustics and motor functions.

Why do linguistic concepts fall short in explaining speech production?

They do not adequately describe the complex physical actions involved in speech.

They are too complicated to be understood by most researchers.

They focus too much on the role of technology in speech.

They ignore the importance of words and syllables in language.

Which of the following actions is involved in producing the sound /dʒ/ as in "Jerry"?

Placing the tongue against the alveolar ridge and releasing into a post-alveolar fricative while voicing.

Placing the tongue against the hard palate and blowing air through the nose.

Closing the lips and releasing a burst of air.

Raising the soft palate and blocking the airflow through the nose.

Why do researchers find the process of labeling sounds as linguistic features unsatisfactory?

Because it oversimplifies the complex physical actions involved in speech production.

Because it does not account for the acoustic properties of speech.

Because it fails to consider the role of perception in speech.

Because it ignores the importance of syntax and semantics.

PP w4

Authored by cothuy wsc

World Languages

University

Used 10+ times

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25 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is a movable articulator?

Teeth

Hard palate

Tongue

Alveolar ridge

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following articulators is fixed and does not move during speech production?

Lips

Soft palate (velum)

Teeth

Tongue

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is a movable articulator involved in the production of bilabial sounds?

Alveolar ridge

Teeth

Lips

Hard palate

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The hard palate is classified as which type of articulator?

Movable

Fixed

Semi-movable

Peripheral

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

During the production of the sound /t/, which movable articulator makes contact with a fixed articulator?

Tongue and hard palate

Tongue and alveolar ridge

Lips and teeth

Soft palate and uvula

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following articulators is responsible for the closure of the nasal passage during speech?

Hard palate

Teeth

Soft palate (velum)

Lips

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The alveolar ridge, a fixed articulator, is involved in the production of which type of sounds?

Bilabial

Alveolar

Labiodental

Velar

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PP w4

Which of the following is a movable articulator?

Which of the following articulators is fixed and does not move during speech production?

Which of the following is a movable articulator involved in the production of bilabial sounds?

The hard palate is classified as which type of articulator?

During the production of the sound /t/, which movable articulator makes contact with a fixed articulator?

Which of the following articulators is responsible for the closure of the nasal passage during speech?

The alveolar ridge, a fixed articulator, is involved in the production of which type of sounds?

Which movable articulator is primarily responsible for the articulation of the vowel sounds?

The lips are involved in producing which of the following types of sounds?

Which articulator remains stationary and forms the roof of the mouth?

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