Chapter 1 Reading (p.1-13)

Which of the following best describes the HMS Beagle's primary mission during Darwin's voyage?

• a) To conduct military operations

• b) To map and survey coastlines

• c) To transport cargo

• • d) To search for new trade routes

What significant contribution did Sir Alistair Hardy make to marine biology?

• • a) He developed the theory of relativity.

• • b) He discovered the structure of DNA.

• • c) He pioneered the study of plankton in the ocean and developed the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR).

• • d) He mapped the ocean floor using sonar technology.

What was the name of the first scientific voyage dedicated to exploring the world's oceans on a global scale?

• HMS Beagle

• Challenger Expedition

• Endeavour Expedition

• HMS Victory

What has led marine biology to a more global perspective of the interrelatedness of ocean habitats and the interactions between ocean and terrestrial habitats?

• Advancements in satellite technology and remote sensing, allowing scientists to monitor and map oceanic and terrestrial environments on a global scale.

• Increased international collaboration and data sharing among marine scientists and institutions, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of ocean habitats.

• The development of global marine observation networks and long-term ecological research programs that track changes in marine ecosystems over time.

• All of the above.

Which of the following best defines the study of oceanography?

• The scientific study of the physical, chemical, biological, and geological aspects of the ocean.

• The study of marine ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them.

• The exploration and mapping of the ocean floor and its features.

• The examination of weather patterns and their impact on coastal regions.

What is the primary cause of the hypoxic zone, also known as the "dead zone," in the Gulf of Mexico?

• Overfishing leading to a decrease in marine biodiversity.

• Excessive nutrient runoff from agricultural activities, leading to algal blooms and oxygen depletion.

• Oil spills and chemical pollution from offshore drilling.

• Natural ocean currents that prevent oxygen from reaching deeper waters.