Topic 5

Which component of Expectancy Theory refers to an individual's belief in their ability to accomplish a task successfully?

• a) Instrumentality

• b) Valence

• c) Expectancy

• d) Outcome

In Expectancy Theory, what does 'Valence' refer to?

• a) The likelihood of achieving a goal

• b) The importance attached to a specific reward

• c) The belief that performance will lead to desired outcomes

• d) The effort put into a task

Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by their perceptions of fairness?

• a) Expectancy Theory

• b) Equity Theory

• c) Goal Setting Theory

• d) Reinforcement Theory

In Equity Theory, what do employees compare to determine fairness?

• a) Their salary with the company's profit

• b) Their inputs and outputs with those of their peers

• c) Their current job with their previous jobs

• d) Their skills with job requirements

What is a weakness of Equity Theory?

• a) It predicts behavior in underpayment conditions

• b) It considers individual differences

• c) It struggles to predict behavior in overpayment conditions

• d) It focuses on employee perception

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental principles of goal setting?

• a) Clarity

• b) Challenge

• c) Commitment

• d) Compensation

In Goal Setting Theory, what does 'task complexity' refer to?

• a) The difficulty level of the goal

• b) The number of people involved in achieving the goal

• c) The need to break down complex tasks into smaller, manageable goals

• d) The time required to complete the goal

According to Goal Setting Theory, how should goals be in terms of difficulty?

• a) As easy as possible

• b) Extremely difficult

• c) Challenging but attainable

• d) Moderately easy

In Expectancy Theory, which component is measured on a scale from 0 to 1?

• a) Valence

• b) Expectancy

• c) Instrumentality

• d) Both Expectancy and Instrumentality

What is the primary focus of Equity Theory?

• a) Setting challenging goals

• b) Maximizing rewards

• c) Perceived fairness in the workplace

• d) Increasing productivity