Module 2 - An Overview of Ethics

What is the primary focus of ethics?

• To promote technology

• To create laws

• To enforce rules

• To evaluate people's behavior

These are the examples of Ethical Theories EXCEPT:

• Subjective Relativism

• Divine Command Theory

• Morality Relativism

• Rule Utilitarinism

• Cultural Relativism

Which ethical theory argues that morality is based on the consequences of actions?

• Social Contract Theory

• Act Utilitarianism

• Kantianism

• Divine Command Theory

What does Subjective Relativism state?

• Ethics is based on divine commands

• Each person decides right and wrong for themselves

• There are universal norms of right and wrong

• Moral guidelines are the same across cultures

What is a key criticism of Cultural Relativism?

• It is based on subjective opinions

• It assumes all cultural practices are acceptable

• It ignores the importance of individual rights

• It promotes universal moral standards

According to Kantianism, what is the 'Categorical Imperative'?

• A command from a divine source

• A guideline based on cultural norms

• A principle that must be universalized

• A rule that applies only to specific situations

What is the main idea behind Divine Command Theory?

• Moral rules are based on human reasoning

• Ethics is subjective and varies by individual

• Good actions align with God's will

• Morality is determined by societal consensus

What does Rule Utilitarianism focus on?

• The subjective nature of morality

• Moral rules that lead to the greatest happiness

• The establishment of universal moral laws

• The consequences of individual actions

Which of the following is a case against Act Utilitarianism?

• It is too simplistic

• It ignores the consequences of actions

• It is based on cultural norms

• It requires complex calculations

What is a negative right?

• A right that requires action from others

• A right that guarantees freedom from interference

• A right that is absolute and unconditional

• A right that can be limited by circumstances