A1.2. Nucleic Acids

What are the two main functions of nucleic acids?

• Store and transmit genetic information

• Catalyze chemical reactions and transport molecules

• Provide energy and cellular structure

• Regulate pH and body temperature

What are the two types of nucleic acids used in cells?

• DNA and RNA

• Proteins and lipids

• Carbohydrates and lipids

• Enzymes and hormones

What does it mean that DNA is the genetic material of all living organisms?

• That RNA has no function in cells

• That DNA is the only molecule in cells

• That DNA is responsible for genetic inheritance

• That all organisms have the same DNA sequence

Why do RNA viruses not falsify the claim that all living beings use DNA as genetic material?

• Because viruses are not considered living beings

• Because RNA viruses do not exist

• Because RNA cannot store genetic information

• Because RNA viruses also have DNA

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

• A sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

• A lipid, a protein, and a carbohydrate

• An amino acid, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

• A sugar, a protein, and a lipid

What is the 'backbone' in relation to the structure of nucleic acids?

• The double helix

• The tertiary structure

• The sugar-phosphate chain

• The sequence of nitrogenous bases

What are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil

• Adenine, Guanine, Uracil, and Thymine

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine

• Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine

What condensation reaction forms an RNA polymer from RNA nucleotides?

• The formation of glycosidic bonds

• The formation of phosphodiester bonds

• The formation of peptide bonds

• The formation of disulfide bonds

How is the structure of a DNA double helix described?

• Two antiparallel strands of nucleotides

• Two parallel strands of nucleotides

• One strand of RNA and one of DNA

• A single strand of nucleotides

What does 'antiparallel' mean in relation to the structure of DNA?

• That DNA and RNA are antiparallel

• That the nitrogenous bases are on the same strand

• That the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions

• That the two strands of DNA run in the same direction