YR 2_Week 5: Validity & Reliability TEST 1

What does the term 'objectivity' refer to in scientific research?

• The consistency of a measuring device

• The feature of science that is not affected by personal feelings

• The ability to establish a theory as false

• The use of direct observation in a systematic way

What does 'standardisation' refer to in research?

• The process of using chance methods to allocate participants

• The process in which procedures used in research are kept the same

• The detailed, step-by-step description of how a study is conducted

• The practice of using direct observation in a systematic way

What does 'reliability' refer to in scientific research?

• The use of direct observation in a systematic way

• The ability to establish a theory as false

• The consistency of a measuring device

• The accuracy of a study measure

What is the purpose of 'counterbalancing' in a repeated measures design?

• To ensure the instructions given to each participant are identical

• To deal with order effects by balancing them out

• To allocate participants to conditions using chance methods

• To prevent factors other than those being studied from affecting the outcome

What is an 'extraneous variable'?

• A variable that has an unintentional effect on the dependent variable

• A variable that is measured by the researcher

• A variable that could affect the dependent variable and needs to be controlled

• A variable that is manipulated by the researcher

What is meant by internal validity?

• Internal validity refers to the overall quality of a study's design.
• Internal validity measures the reliability of the data collection methods used in a study.
• Internal validity is the degree to which a study accurately measures what it set out to measure.

• Internal validity is the extent to which results can be generalized to other settings.

What is a confounding variable?

• A variable that has an unintentional effect on the DV that wasn’t controlled. A variable that varies systematically with the IV so we cannot be sure of the true source of the change to the DV 

• A confounding variable is an irrelevant variable that has no impact on the study.
• A confounding variable is a dependent variable that is always controlled.
• A confounding variable is a type of independent variable.

Order effects can occur in a repeated measures design. What are they?

• This is when participants do both conditions of the study

• This is when the participants change the order & do condition A and then condition B

• This is when the positioning of tasks influences the outcome e.g. practice effect is when someone gets better in the second conditioning because of experiencing the first.  

• This is when the partctipants get bored or tierd after completing the fisrt condition.

What is meant by the term ecological validity?

• If the study can be generalisable and create general laws of behaviour for the population.

• How realistic the study is

• The extent to which the findings can be used in society?

• How well a study can be related to or reflects everyday, real life. Is the situation realistic? Is the task something that would be done in real life?

What tasks have low mundane realism?​ ​ (a)   ​

• learning and recalling a list of 10 words
• throwing a ball in a dust bin
• counting to 1000 backwards
• identifying the 25th digit
• Remembering a friends number
• Using a shopping list to remember what to buy
• revising for an exam