Chapter 13 Study Guide

Which of the following is a characteristic of a mineral?

• organic solid

• crystalline structure

• manufactured by humans

• variable chemical composition

Teeth and shells from dead organisms can become minerals because they

• are formed by organisms under high temperature and pressure.

• are formed by geologic processes.

• have luster and cleavage.

• are inorganic body parts.

Which rock forms when magma cools slowly below Earth’s surface?

• limestone

• marble

• basalt

• granite

Which of the following materials is extracted from Earth so that it can be used to make concrete?

• iron

• sand

• salt

• oil sand

Which mining method is most likely to destroy the habitats of wildlife?

• subsurface mining

• strip mining

• solution mining

• placer mining

What type of mining would most likely be used if a resource is concentrated in deep pockets in ground that is safe for tunneling?

• subsurface mining

• mountaintop removal

• solution mining

Erosion of soil from land that has been strip-mined can be partially controlled by

• replacing the soil that was removed.

• planting plants.

Large quantities of tailings are permanently stored in

• subsurface tunnels.

• mountaintops.

• open pits.

• impoundment dams.

The use of public land for mining of fossil fuels is regulated by the

• General Mining Law of 1872.

• Hardrock Mining and Reclamation Act of 2009.

• Mineral Leasing Act of 1920.

• Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act.

The amount of mining and extracting aluminum from ore can be reduced if people

• substitute copper for aluminum in wires.

• substitute lead for aluminum.

• use less fossil fuels.

• recycle beverage cans.