Arguments, Rhetorical Appeals, and Logical Fallacies

an appeal to credibility or trust built on the character or beliefs of a speaker/author

• Logos

• Evidence

• Ethos

• Pathos

an appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response

• Logos

• Pathos

• Reasoning

• Ethos

the writer's opinion, position, belief on or about an issue or problem

• Claim

• Rebuttal

• Evidence

• Reasoning

an acknowledgment that a point of reasoning from a counterclaim/counterargument is valid, even if it opposes your claim

• Concession

• Rebuttal

• Poisoning The Well

• Reasoning

an opposing view/belief/position concerning an issue

• Counterclaim

• Ethos

• Rebuttal

• Evidence

Occurs when a speaker attempts to persuade based on the fact that "everyone is doing it" or "everyone thinks this."

• Ad Hominem

• Reasoning

• Balancing

• Bandwagoning

Occurs when a speaker draws broad conclusions based on a relatively small set of examples

• Hasty Generalization

• Logical Fallacy

• Slippery Slope

• Ad Hominem

the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid

• evidence

• rebuttal

• reasoning

• claim

a mistake in reasoning and potential weakness in an argument

• pathos

• circular reasoning

• logical fallacy

• hasty generalization

an appeal based on logic or reason, for example citing facts and evidence

• Rebuttal

• Logos

• Ethos

• Pathos