Foundations of Psychology IB Version

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good theory?

• It is able to be empirically tested

• It predicts behavior

• It is reductionist, that is, it is focused on a single approach

• Its concepts can be measured

Which two questions exemplify the scientific attitude?

• What do you mean? How do you know?

• Who believes you? What are their qualifications?

• How common is this answer? How many people agree?

• Is this an established truth? How long has it been considered fact?

Thinking that she had outperformed most of her classmates, Glenda was surprised to receive just an average grade on her psychology test. Glenda's experience best illustrates

• overconfidence.

• the hindsight bias.

• the placebo effect.

• negative correlation.

Hindsight bias, overconfidence, and our tendency to perceive patterns in random events push us to overvalue

• the empirical approach.

• random sampling.

• the placebo effect.

• common sense.

Dr. Donelian wants to reduce his students' perception that psychological experiments merely document the obvious. His best strategy would be to ask the students to

• describe how experimental hypotheses were derived from basic psychological principles.

• predict the outcomes of experiments before they are told the actual results.

• explain the outcomes of experiments after they are told the actual results.

• personally engage in naturalistic observation.

Historians of science describe which three attitudes as the basis of the scientific viewpoint?

• intelligence, dedication, thoroughness

• morality, detail-orientation, cynicism

• achievement-oriented, intellectual, empirical

• curiosity, skepticism, humility

According to Carol Dweck's theory, students who have a fixed mindset ...

• are of limited intelligence

• listen to feedback with the goal of improving their skills

• complete their cognitive development by the age of 12

• are less likely to take risks because they fear failure

If a researcher does a study at your school and asks for volunteers, but only psychology students sign up to take part, what is the problem with this study?

• Sampling bias

• Ethnocentrism

• The sample is too small

• It cannot be replicated

In order to carry out your internal assessment on problem-solving, you use the pre-IB English class. What type of sample is this?

• A random sample

• A snowball sample

• Opportunity (convenience) sample

• A purposive sample

Research participants were asked to monitor and report their own immediate sensory reactions to differently colored objects. This research involved a technique known as

• empiricism

• structuralism

• introspection

• psychometrics