Microbial Biotechnology

What are some examples of industrially important microbes?

• Bacillus subtilis

• Aspergillus niger

• Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Streptomyces species

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Differentiate between primary and secondary metabolites produced by microbes.

• Primary metabolites are not involved in basic cellular functions, while secondary metabolites are essential for growth.

• Primary metabolites are essential for growth, while secondary metabolites are not essential but have ecological roles.

• Primary metabolites are produced by animals, while secondary metabolites are produced by plants.

• Primary metabolites are only produced by fungi, while secondary metabolites are produced by bacteria.

Explain the basics of cloning in microbial biotechnology.

• Cloning can only be done in a laboratory setting

• Cloning is a natural process in all microorganisms

• Cloning involves mixing genes in a test tube

• Cloning in microbial biotechnology involves isolating the desired gene, inserting it into a vector, introducing the vector into a host microorganism, allowing replication, and selecting for the desired clone.

How is fermentation utilized in microbial biotechnology?

• Fermentation is used to produce antibiotics, enzymes, organic acids, and biofuels by converting substrates into desired products through metabolic pathways.

• Fermentation is not a relevant process in microbial biotechnology.

• Fermentation leads to the production of inorganic compounds in microbial biotechnology.

• Fermentation is only used for waste disposal in microbial biotechnology.

Discuss the concept of bioremediation and its application in microbial biotechnology.

• Bioremediation is a process that involves using chemicals to clean up polluted areas.

• Microbial biotechnology focuses on using plants to degrade pollutants in the environment.

• Bioremediation is only applicable in industrial settings and not in natural ecosystems.

• Bioremediation involves using microorganisms to degrade pollutants in polluted areas, making it a valuable technique in microbial biotechnology.

What are some other applications of microbes in various industries?

• Microbes utilized for fashion design

• Fermentation in food production, bioremediation in environmental cleanup, pharmaceutical production, biofuel production, and agriculture for soil health and plant growth

• Microbes used for creating artificial intelligence

• Microbes employed in space exploration

Name a commonly used microbe in the production of antibiotics.

• Penicillium

• E. coli

• Bacillus subtilis

• Streptococcus

How do microbes contribute to the food industry?

• Microbes are used in transportation of food products

• Microbes are used in fermentation processes to produce food products and aid in food preservation and flavor development.

• Microbes are responsible for food spoilage

• Microbes are used in food industry for cleaning purposes

What role do microbes play in environmental sustainability?

• Microbes have no impact on environmental sustainability

• Microbes contribute to nutrient cycling, soil health, waste decomposition, and pollutant degradation.

• Microbes are only harmful to the environment

• Microbes contribute to air pollution

Explain the significance of genetic engineering in microbial biotechnology.

• Microbes can naturally perform biotechnological tasks without genetic engineering

• Genetic engineering in microbes leads to decreased biotechnological efficiency

• Genetic engineering has no impact on microbial biotechnology

• Genetic engineering plays a crucial role in enhancing microbial capabilities for biotechnological purposes.