Geology Quiz: Igneous Rock Formation

What is the reaction principle in igneous rock formation?

• The process by which sedimentary rocks are transformed into metamorphic rocks

• The process by which volcanic eruptions occur

• The process by which minerals react with the surrounding melt to form new minerals

• The process by which minerals are transported within a magma chamber

Answer explanation

The process by which minerals react with the surrounding melt to form new minerals is the reaction principle in igneous rock formation.

What are the two main types of reactions in igneous rock formation?

• Internal Reactions and External Reactions

• Continuous Reactions and Discontinuous Reactions

• Solid Reactions and Liquid Reactions

• Fast Reactions and Slow Reactions

Answer explanation

The correct answer is Continuous Reactions and Discontinuous Reactions, as these are the two main types of reactions in igneous rock formation.

What is magmatic differentiation?

• The process by which a single magma can evolve into a variety of different rock types

• The process by which magma is transported from the mantle to the surface

• The process by which sedimentary rocks are formed

• The process by which metamorphic rocks are transformed into igneous rocks

Answer explanation

Magmatic differentiation is the process by which a single magma can evolve into a variety of different rock types.

What is magmatic assimilation?

• The process by which magma erupts onto the Earth's surface

• The process by which magma cools and solidifies

• The process by which the magma incorporates surrounding rock into its composition

• The process by which magma is transported through volcanic conduits

Answer explanation

The process by which the magma incorporates surrounding rock into its composition

What are the factors affecting assimilation in igneous rock formation?

• Temperature and Composition

• Pressure and Density

• Color and Texture

• Hardness and Cleavage

Answer explanation

Temperature and Composition are the factors affecting assimilation in igneous rock formation.

What are unicomponent systems in crystallization?

• Systems involving the crystallization of minerals from metamorphic rocks

• Systems involving the crystallization of minerals from sedimentary rocks

• Systems involving the crystallization of multiple mineral phases simultaneously

• Systems involving the crystallization of a single mineral phase from a melt

Answer explanation

Unicomponent systems in crystallization involve the crystallization of a single mineral phase from a melt.

What are bicomponent systems in crystallization?

• Systems involving the crystallization of two mineral phases simultaneously

• Systems involving the crystallization of minerals from metamorphic rocks

• Systems involving the crystallization of a single mineral phase from a melt

• Systems involving the crystallization of minerals from sedimentary rocks

Answer explanation

Bicomponent systems in crystallization involve the crystallization of two mineral phases simultaneously.

Who developed the conceptual model known as Bowen's Reaction Series?

• Norman L. Bowen

• Charles Darwin

• Marie Curie

• Isaac Newton

Answer explanation

Norman L. Bowen developed the conceptual model known as Bowen's Reaction Series.

What does Bowen's Reaction Series explain?

• The process of volcanic eruption

• The sequence of mineral crystallization from a cooling magma

• The transformation of metamorphic rocks

• The formation of sedimentary rocks

Answer explanation

Bowen's Reaction Series explains the sequence of mineral crystallization from a cooling magma.

What is the implication of basaltic magma according to Bowen's Reaction Series?

• It typically crystallizes quartz early, leading to felsic rocks

• It typically crystallizes biotite early, leading to ultramafic rocks

• It typically crystallizes amphibole and quartz early, leading to intermediate rocks

• It typically crystallizes olivine and pyroxene early, leading to mafic rocks like basalt and gabbro

Answer explanation

Basaltic magma typically crystallizes olivine and pyroxene early, leading to mafic rocks like basalt and gabbro.