Micro Flora of Gastrointestinal Tract

Define micro flora and their anatomic distribution.

Answer explanation

Microflora refers to the community of microorganisms that live on or within the body. They are found in various locations such as the skin, mouth, gut, and reproductive tract.

Describe physiologic importance of GIT micro flora.

Answer explanation

GIT micro flora plays a crucial role in digestion, absorption of nutrients, immune system function, and protection against harmful pathogens.

List some of clinically important GIT micro flora.

Answer explanation

Some clinically important GIT micro flora include Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Escherichia coli.

Discuss practice bowel preparation in elective surgery.

Answer explanation

Bowel preparation is essential in elective surgery to reduce the risk of infection and complications. It involves clearing the bowel of fecal matter through laxatives or enemas prior to the procedure.

What is the diagnosis when stool culture yields less than 50% and endoscopy reveals nonspecific pathological changes?

Answer explanation

The diagnosis in this case would be non-specific colitis. The stool culture yielding less than 50% and endoscopy revealing nonspecific pathological changes point towards this diagnosis.

Which agents are commonly implicated in colitis?

Answer explanation

Commonly implicated agents in colitis include bacteria, viruses, and parasites, as well as autoimmune factors.

What are the six groups of E. Coli and their characteristics?

Answer explanation

The six groups of E. Coli are Enteropathogenic E. Coli (EPEC), Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC), Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC), Enteroaggregative E. Coli (EAEC), Diffusely Adherent E. Coli (DAEC), and Shiga Toxin-Producing E. Coli (STEC). Each group has distinct characteristics and pathogenicity.

What are the four serotypes of salmonellae that cause enteric fever?

Answer explanation

The four serotypes of salmonellae that cause enteric fever are Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Paratyphi B, and Salmonella Paratyphi C.

What is the mean infective dose to produce clinical or subclinical infection in humans by salmonellae?

Answer explanation

The mean infective dose to produce clinical or subclinical infection in humans by salmonellae is around 10^5 to 10^8 organisms.

What are some complications of untreated enteric fever?

Answer explanation

Some complications of untreated enteric fever include intestinal perforation, encephalopathy, septicemia, and even death.