CME Respi Delta

Gold standard of diagnosing PE in pregnancy

• Ultrasound Doppler LL

• Chest X-ray & ECG

• D-Dimer

• CTPA

Regarding atypical pneumonia :

• Staphylococcus Aureus is the causative organism

• Atypical organisms are an inclusive term for organisms difficult to culture and not apparent on gram stain.

• Patient will be presented with severe presentation of respiratory symptoms

• Atypical organisms are an inclusive term for organisms easily to culture and apparent on gram stain.

Factors that increase FRC

• Myasthenia gravis

• Pregnancy

• Emphysema

• Prone position

• Obesity

Pathophysiology of PE

• RV dilatation & reduce contractility

• Decrease LV Preload

• RV tension wall decrease

• RV contraction with LV dilatation

Define Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

• Maximum amount of air that can exhale over normal tidal volume when person expires forcefully

• Maximum amount of air that can exhale over normal tidal volume when person inspires forcefully

• Minimum amount of air that can exhale over normal tidal volume when person expires forcefully

• Minimum amount of air that can exhale over normal tidal volume when person inspires forcefully

Lung compliance decreases in

• COPD

• Kyphoscoliosis

• Pulmonary Edema

• Pulmonary fibrosis

Respiratory physiological Changes in Pregnancy :

• TV & FRC decrease, minute ventilation increases

• TV & Minute Ventilation & FRC decreases

• FRC drops 18-20% due to compression of the diaphragm

• TV & FRC increases

Muscle of inspiration:

• Internal intercostals muscle and diaphragm

• External and internal intercostals muscle

• Internal intercostals muscle

• External Intercostal muscle and diaphragm

Regarding Lung Compliance in restrictive lung diseases

• Restrictive lung disease has reduce compliance due to loss of elastic fibres

• Restrictive lung disease has increase compliance due to stiffening of lung tissue

• Restrictive lung disease has reduce compliance due to stiffening of lung tissue

• Restrictive lung disease has increase compliance due to loss of elastic fibres

ECG changes in pulmonary embolism

• S1Q1T3 pattern

• Complete or incomplete RBBB

• Dominant R wave in V1

• Right ventricular strain pattern

• Sinus tachycardia