Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Mid Exam

What is normal microbial flora? Mention at least 5 beneficial role of normal flora in the human body.

Why microbial infection does not always occur?

Write the difference between Primary infection and secondary infection

What is an inevitable consequence of antibiotic treatment? How can we reduce the effect of this incidence?

List and explain each important step in microbial pathogenesis.

Explain the different mechanism microorganisms use to escape host defense.

List the key elements of an effective Infection Control Program.

describe the key stages of a virus replication cycle.

Why are Gram-negative bacteria more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Define plasmid and what is the advantage of having plasmid in most bacteria?