chap 6

Morphology

• the analysis of the structure of words

• the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language

• Study of how humans produce and perceive sounds

• study of how speech sounds are produced

a morpheme

• Morphemes that can stand by themselves as single words.

• A minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function

• A largerst unit of meaning or grammatical function

• The study of the origin and history of a word

Free morphemes

• Morphemes that can stand by themselves as single words

• Morphemes that cannot normally stand alone and are typically attached to another form.

• A set of ordinary nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs that we think of as the words that carry the "content" of the message we convey.

• A free morpheme that is used as a function word (conjunction or preposition)

Bound morphemes

• Bound morphemes are morphemes that are always verbs
• Bound morphemes are morphemes that can be used independently without attaching to a free morpheme
• Bound morphemes are morphemes that cannot stand alone and must be attached to a free morpheme to convey meaning.
• Bound morphemes are morphemes that are never used in language

Lexical morphemes

• Adverbs
  

• suffiex

• prefixes

• Conjunctions

Functional Morphemes

• noun

• pronoun

• derivation

• suffixes

Derivational Morphemes

• Derivational morphemes are used to simplify words.
• Derivational morphemes have no impact on the meaning of a word.
• Derivational morphemes are only used in spoken language.
• Derivational morphemes are affixes added to a base word to create a new word with a different meaning or function.

Inflectional Morphemes

• free

• 8 suffixes

• prefixes, suffixes

• 7 suffixes

Allomorphs

• Varieties of a morpheme that are always interchangeable.
• Different forms of a morpheme that can appear in different contexts.
• Morphemes that have the same meaning in all contexts.
• Different forms of a phoneme that can appear in different contexts.

Additive allomorph

• walk-walked

• take-took

• tooth-teeth

• let - let