09-PHI Relativism - Utilitarianism

According to Utilitarianism, what should an action aim to benefit?

• The individual performing the action

• The most amount of people

• The environment

• The future generations

What does Relativism suggest about the nature of right and wrong?

• Right and wrong are absolute and unchanging

• Right and wrong depend on the situation

• Right and wrong are determined by religious texts

• Right and wrong are based on scientific evidence

How is happiness defined in Utilitarianism?

• A state of complete knowledge

• Feeling or showing pleasure or contentment

• Achieving all personal goals

• Being free from all desires

What is the difference between absolute and relative morality?

• Absolute morality means there is always a right or wrong no matter the situation, while relative morality depends on the situation and consequences.

• Absolute morality depends on the situation and consequences, while relative morality means there is always a right or wrong no matter the situation.

• Absolute morality is based on personal feelings, while relative morality is based on laws.

• Absolute morality is always wrong, while relative morality is always right.

Who came up with the thought experiment known as 'The Trolley Problem'?

• Albert Einstein

• Philippa Foote

• Isaac Newton

• Sigmund Freud

What is the main ethical dilemma in 'The Trolley Problem'?

• Choosing between saving one person or five people.

• Choosing between telling the truth or lying.

• Choosing between stealing or not stealing.

• Choosing between working hard or being lazy.

What is the main principle of Utilitarianism according to Jeremy Bentham?

• The greatest amount of wealth for the greatest number of people.

• The greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people.

• The greatest amount of power for the greatest number of people.

• The greatest amount of knowledge for the greatest number of people.

According to Utilitarianism, what motivates humans to make decisions?

• The desire to gain power and control.

• The desire to avoid pain and experience pleasure and happiness.

• The desire to accumulate wealth.

• The desire to gain knowledge and wisdom.

What tool did Jeremy Bentham create to measure the happiness and pain caused by an action?

• The Moral Compass.

• The Ethical Scale.

• The Hedonic Calculator.

• The Happiness Meter.

In the scenario where you are in charge of an NHS budget, what are the two options you have to decide between?

• Giving statins to reduce heart attacks for 50,000 people or giving a life-saving cancer treatment to 10 people.

• Investing in cancer research or buying a new MRI machine.

• Providing free milkshakes or free meals.

• Building a new hospital or upgrading existing facilities.