12INSC quiz (Independent Trial '21'/ MC)

In 1801, Edward Jenner published a study in which he summarised his discovery of a vaccine that he hoped would lead to, "total destruction of smallpox"

How was this development received by the public?

• It was immediately accepted as being of great benefit.

• It was accepted by society because it's discovery was evidence based

• It was initially met with some disbelief & not fully accepted for almost another 100 years

• Very few people knew about the vaccine & it's development was limited in the 19th & 20th Centuries

Why might a scientist use an experimental control?

• To strengthen the inference that changes in the dependent variable are due to the independent variable alone, and not some other known cause

• To ensure that no other factors will affect the dependent variable

• To enable to the detection & removal of outliers to ensure results are consistent

• to enable the establishment of a valid hypothesis

Which statement about uncertainty in scientific measurements is correct?

• Uncertainty can never be reduced to zero

• uncertainty is based on systematic errors only

• There are no negative uncertainties

• Uncertainty does not depend on the accuracy of the measuring instrument

A probe was placed in a creek to measure the concentration of oxygen over 24hours. The humidity increased dramatically which resulted in skewed data.

What type of technological error has caused the skew in the data?

• Gross Error

• Random Error

• Systematic Environmental Error

• Systematic Instrumental Error

Answer explanation

Systematic error gives measurements that are consistently different from the true value in nature, often due to limitations of either the instruments or the procedure. Systematic error is one form of bias. Many people may think of dishonest researcher behaviours, for example only recording and reporting certain results, when they think of bias. However, it is important to remember that bias can be caused by other factors as well. Bias is often caused by instruments that consistently offset the measured value from the true value, like a scale that always reads 5 grams over the real value.

In this question stem the key is "technological error" making it systematic & NOT random.

• Environmental error happens when some factor in the environment, such as an uncommon event, leads to error. For example, if you are trying to measure the mass of an apple on a scale, and your classroom is windy, the wind may cause the scale to read incorrectly.

Which graphs identify correct use of a line of best fit, based on a valid reason?

• K only, because a 'line of best fit' is best used when data points are not spread in an obvious straight line.

• M only, because the 'line of best fit' passes through most of the data points

• L & M, because 'a line of best fit' must be a straight line

• K,L and M, because 'a line of best fit' is a line that best represents the data in each graph

This diagram represents a scientific concept.

What technology was developed because of increased understanding of this concept?

• Microscopes

• Radiation

• Biotechnologies

• Radiotherapy

To which of Newton's Laws does this technology relate?

• First

• Second

• Third

• Fourth

Answer explanation

you. Newton’s first law states that a body in motion will stay in motion and a body at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an outside force. This is called inertia. It is the tendency of something to stay the way it is. The law of inertia is important when talking about buildings in an earthquake. A building can be thought of as a large mass, and according to the law of inertia, it wants to stay at rest and remain motionless unless acted on by an outside force. In an earthquake, the bottom parts of the building move and the upper parts of the building don’t because of inertia. This is called inertial force. This puts a lot of stress on the parts that make up the building. It is this inertial force that engineers have to try and minimize when designing buildings. One of the ways that earthquake engi

Which is the best example of a "conflict of interest"?

• A celebrity using and endorsing a beauty product

• A company making a misleading claim in an advertisement about the chemical contents of one of it's products

• A company paying a scientist to conduct research & write a positive report on the effects of it's product.

• An editor who is not trained in science proof reading a scientific article

A change to what factor would increase the volume of gas?

• Decreasing the concentration of reactants

• Decreasing the volume of the container

• Increasing the pressure in the container

• Increasing the temperature

Answer explanation

In M6 we looked at Boyle & Charles gas laws and the effects of temp on reaction rate, temp on volume of gas & pressure on volume of gas.

Think about the prac we completed for AT2 temp, reaction rate measured by volume of gas produced...

Which describes the work of Joseph Priestly?

• He quantitatively described & officially named the element of oxygen

• He invented microwaves

• He isolated oxygen from a compound and named it dephlogisticated air

• He identified the doppler effect by observing binary stars.

Answer explanation

In a series of experiments culminating in 1774, Priestley found that "air is not an elementary substance, but a composition," or mixture, of gases. Among them was the colourless and highly reactive gas he called "dephlogisticated air," to which the great French chemist Antoine Lavoisier would soon give the name "oxygen."

Spencer - microwaves

Christian Doppler - Doppler

Van Helmont - plant growth

Marshall & Warren - peptic ulcers