Causal-Comparative Research MCQs

In causal-comparative research, the dependent variable is:

• The variable that is manipulated.

• The outcome that is measured.

• The variable that is controlled.

• Always continuous.

Which of the following best describes the role of the control group in causal-comparative research?

• To receive the experimental treatment.

• To provide a baseline for comparison.

• To eliminate all confounding variables.

• To undergo random assignment.

Why is matching participants important in causal-comparative research?

• To randomly assign them to groups.

• To ensure groups are comparable.

• To manipulate the independent variable.

• To control the dependent variable.

Which method can be used to control for confounding variables in causal-comparative research?

• Random assignment

• Using control groups

• Statistical adjustment (e.g., ANCOVA)

• Manipulating the independent variable

What is the primary goal of causal-comparative research?

• To establish a cause-and-effect relationship.

• To explore differences between pre-existing groups.

• To describe a population's characteristics.

• To correlate two variables.

In causal-comparative research, confounding variables are:

• The main focus of the study.

• Variables that are manipulated.

• Variables that may influence the dependent variable.

• Always controlled for.

Causal-comparative research is also known as:

• Experimental research.

• Ex post facto research.

• Descriptive research.

• Correlational research.

Which of the following best describes the independent variable in causal-comparative research?

• It is manipulated by the researcher.

• It is always continuous.

• It is a pre-existing condition or characteristic.

• It is the outcome measured.

The term "ex post facto" in causal-comparative research means:

• Before the fact.

• After the fact.

• During the experiment.

• Randomly assigned.

When should a causal-comparative research design be used?

• When the independent variable can be manipulated.

• When random assignment is possible.

• When studying pre-existing differences between groups.

• When controlling all confounding variables.