1.Meta Ethics Key Terms

Who was A. J. Ayer and what was he known for?

• A British philosopher known for his promotion of Logical Positivism.

• A German philosopher known for his work on existentialism.

• An American philosopher known for his theories on pragmatism.

• A French philosopher known for his contributions to phenomenology.

Answer explanation

A. J. Ayer was a British philosopher known for his promotion of Logical Positivism.

Which philosopher was a proponent of the meta-ethical theory of Naturalism?

• A. J. Ayer

• Francis Herbert Bradley

• Harold Arthur Prichard

• G. E. Moore

Answer explanation

Francis Herbert Bradley was a proponent of the meta-ethical theory of Naturalism, making him the correct choice.

What does Emotivism (or Ethical Non-Cognitivism) suggest about ethical decisions?

• They are based on principles and rational argument.

• They are based on feeling and emotion.

• They are based on self-interest.

• They are based on intuitive knowledge.

Answer explanation

Emotivism (or Ethical Non-Cognitivism) suggests that ethical decisions are based on feeling and emotion.

What is the main claim of Ethical Egoism?

• Moral agents should act based on principles and rational argument.

• Moral agents should act based on feeling and emotion.

• Moral agents should act in their own self-interest.

• Moral agents should act based on intuitive knowledge.

Answer explanation

The main claim of Ethical Egoism is that moral agents should act in their own self-interest.

What is Hume's Law also known as?

• Hume's Razor

• Hume's Guillotine

• Hume's Principle

• Hume's Dilemma

Answer explanation

Hume's Law is also known as Hume's Guillotine, highlighting the correct choice.

What does Intuitionism (or Ethical Non-Naturalism) state about moral knowledge?

• It is based on self-interest.

• It is based on feeling and emotion.

• It is based on intuitive knowledge.

• It is based on principles and rational argument.

Answer explanation

Intuitionism (or Ethical Non-Naturalism) states that moral knowledge is based on intuitive knowledge, not on self-interest, feeling, emotion, or rational argument.

What is Meta Ethics concerned with?

• The application of ethical principles.

• The meaning of ethical terms and the foundations of moral principles.

• The historical development of ethical theories.

• The psychological basis of moral behavior.

Answer explanation

Meta Ethics is concerned with the meaning of ethical terms and the foundations of moral principles, making it the correct choice.

What does Naturalism (or Naturalistic Ethics) believe about moral statements?

• They are based on self-interest.

• They are cognitive and can be proven true or false using evidence.

• They are based on feeling and emotion.

• They are based on intuitive knowledge.

Answer explanation

Naturalism (or Naturalistic Ethics) believes that moral statements are cognitive and can be proven true or false using evidence.

What does the Naturalistic Fallacy argue about ethical terms?

• They are based on self-interest.

• They are based on feeling and emotion.

• They are unanalysable and cannot be defined in terms of natural quality.

• They are based on intuitive knowledge.

Answer explanation

The Naturalistic Fallacy argues that ethical terms are unanalysable and cannot be defined in terms of natural quality.

What is the Open Question Argument a critical argument of?

• Emotivism

• Ethical Egoism

• Naturalism

• Intuitionism

Answer explanation

The Open Question Argument is a critical argument of Naturalism.